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It's the One Issue We Must Get Right

By Chris Stimpson, Solar Nation
December 16, 2008   |   51 Comments
Please tell the President-elect to support clean energy.

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The information and views expressed in this article are those of the author and not necessarily those of RenewableEnergyWorld.com or the companies that advertise on its Web site and other publications.

51 Reader Comments
Comment
1 of 51
December 16, 2008
I'm pleased to see the incoming administrtion paying attention to renewable energy. Intel Capital, Intel's VC arm, is investing in solar as is Intel itself. Intel Corporation's first solar electric installation in the world is in Oregon. A 100kW electric PV system at Intel's Jones Farm campus in Hillsboro was energized for the first time on Monday, Dec. 15, 2008.


The Intel Oregon system will be in the top 10 percent of solar electric facilities in Oregon.

The solar panels, installed by Solar City Inc. on the roof of Jones Farm 4, one of the buildings on Intel Oregon's Jones Farm Campus, were manufactured by Evergreen Solar, Inc. They were made at the company's new flagship production facility in Devens, Massachusetts. The installation consists of high quality String Ribbon™ solar panels offering exceptional performance, cost effective installation and industry-leading environmental credentials.

Intel is also completing a solar demonstration project at its New Mexico site highlighting PV uses and benefits in data centers. This will augment Intel's first solar thermal hot water application in India installed earlier this year.
Comment
2 of 51
December 16, 2008
Excellent article. I would just add to it the FACTS that the unintended consequences of the industrial revolution are not limited to climate change. We are fundamentally altering the chemical makeup of the planet, sending large portions of the eco-system into terminal decline and extinction. We need to rapidly reduce all combustion energy generation modalities, and other types that chemically and thermally pollute the natural world which is the foundation of our survival. You would think that it would be a no-brainer to not poison ourselves and destroy the natural systems upon which we rely. But that is what is happening and what must now be rapidly changed. It will require the engagement of the entire population. To fail is to accept massive human depopulation and suffering, not to mention our fellow passengers including all the life forms on spaceship earth.
Comment
3 of 51
December 16, 2008
Great article! I am impressed with Barack Obama's choices such as Stephen Chu for DOE Secretary. I'm proud to say I voited for him; I hope that will always be the case.

But no doubt Obama will have a full dinner plate cleaning up the enormous messes that the Bush/Cheney master-of-disaster team left behind, rifts with our allies, sympathy for our enemies, torture, curtailment of civil liberties, misguided education initiatives, go-go finance, yadda, yadda, yadda. But the worst disaster of all is 8 precious years wasted by not mitigating peak oil and global warming.

The irony to energy and the environment taking a back seat to more "pressing" issues is that if unaddressed or under-addressed, either peak oil, global climate change, or both will one day usher in a depression that dwarfs that 1930's. I believe that that day is at most 15 years off. I believe this is the first of a series of downturns that are to one degree or another related to energy and the environment. Record high oil prices last summer played a part in the current economic slowdown along with a loss of confidence in financial markets.

So I hope these concerns will register with not only the Obama team but with all levels of government, business leaders, labor leaders and other opinion leaders and pressure groups.
Comment
4 of 51
December 17, 2008
Good piece of writing, Chris, but let's get right to the gist of what you are asking. Our democratic practice of preparing and passing legislation inherently requires compromise by all parties, even to accept a piece of proposed legislation as is, otherwise it will not pass. So, aren't you truly asking instead that the new Obama-Biden leadership rule this uniquely important issue by Administrative Order, and if so, What nationally-accepted collective body has the knowledge and foresight to get this job done right, and Who will convince the new leadership that an Administrative Order is needed and make it happen?
Comment
5 of 51
December 17, 2008
Apparently Mr Stimpson has not caught up to the simple fact that global warming stopped 10 years ago and many real scientists are predicting a prolonged cooling period based on real scientific evidence of reduced solar activity and the earth's tilt, wobble and the distance from the sun. It has gotten to the point of absolute hysteria among the global warming zealots so that a recent AP article even cited global cooling as proof of global warming and a NASA spokesperson commenting on the results of the 3,000 Argo monitors that the world's oceans had not warmed but had cooled slightly since 2003 called it a 'slowing down of warming.'
Global temperatures are doing their best to tell us that CO2 isn't very important after all.

* Global thermometers stubbornly refused to rise after 1998, and have plummeted in the past two years by more than 0.5 degree C. The world is now colder than in 1940, when the Post-WWII Industrial Revolution started spewing lots of man-made CO 2 in the first place.

* On October 29, the U.S. beat or tied 115 low-temperature records for the date. Alaska, which was unusually warm last year, recorded 25 degrees below zero Fahrenheit that night--beating the previous low by 4 degrees F.

* London had snow in October for the first time in more than 70 years.

The 2007-08 temperature drop wasn't predicted by the global climate models, but it had been predicted by the sunspots since 2000. Both the absent sunspots and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation now predict a 25-30-year global cooling.
Comment
6 of 51
December 17, 2008
Apparently Mr Mosman has not caught up to the simple fact that global warming isn't a general increase of average temperatures applying to every corner of the world. The models developed by the scientists predict drops in temperatures on the north hemisphere during winter times while simultaneously temperatures in the southern hemisphere are shooting up beyond averages in their summer... six months later the picture reverses itself... and so far the warming is going and going propelled by the wrong energy policies (the best that money can buy for our government).
For the man on the street who learned to use his brain, Mr.Stimpson has gotten it right. For those that prefer to funnel the talking points of the Oil corporations and Coal producers, of course they will take shoots at his message...
Comment
7 of 51
December 17, 2008
Mr.Rommey,
Th computer generated results used by the IPCC to predict global warming actually cover the entire globe not just the annual seasonal changes in the temperatures of the hemispheres as you suggest. Since the global temperature peaked in 1998 according to recent observations, could the model projections be wrong? I have raised the following question with a number of GW alarmist, including Al Gore and the Royal Society without a response. Perhaps you can provide answers.
Question1
-has any projection used by the IPCC or other GW advocates predicted or otherwise foreseen a cooling period or a little ice age in the future?
Question 2
-could any of the current computer models with their climate theories, complex assumptions, complex climate models and positive feedback loops forecast, predict, or foresee a cooling period or little ice age in the future?
Question 3
-since a rather steady state CO2 content had little or no effect on the earth's cyclical climate for 10,000 years and the recent warming trend has moderated since 1998 while the atmospheric CO2 increased aren't the repeated iterations of the computer models actually falsifying the role of CO2 in the earth's climate? Repeated iterations of the Mandelbrot set equation drives the results to infinity or zero. it is possible that the GW computer simulations drive the result to ever higher temperatures just by how the assumptions on the CO2 effect are designed, weighted and looped ?
Comment
8 of 51
December 17, 2008
The Government this time around is on our side. The problem is "we". We are doing renewable energy by politics, ego and "N'em the Gelt". So many are enamored and fixated by their own expertise, ideas or designs. Or a Republican versus a Democratic solution, versus, is that a solution? Examples: Anyone tell our president, transportation (Nee cars) is a commodity; The Car age of H Ford is over! Neither candidate said the obvious re healthcare – Make more Doctors, Nurses, etc. Think how absurd – RN's do not require a college degree! Why, because Foreign H1 Visa nurses would flock here, as H1 visas require a college degree. Thus our medical leaders removed the College requirement for nurses. They should have done it for MD's too, most of Medicine is automated! More doctors / healthcare means more Medical schools, which are as arcane as piston engines, and most US graduates come from off-shore schools, e.g., Ross University. Its simple capitalism, throttle the supply. Do you think out-sourcing is an open market? Does the best overseas proposal wins the contract? Or, the best overseas connected family wins the award. Any CSP farms generating an economic net? There's over $1B "invested" following the CSP experts. But, trudgingly we proceed. This is our culture, and solutions need to overcome this. My company is intent on commercializing $.05/kWh renewable energy, high efficiency powerblocks and by extension high efficiency multi-fuel autos (150 MPG). What makes cracking energy so difficult is not the technology, but a) the technology will be disruptive, thus pushback, and b) it's a zero sum game, where the legacy solutions, send our children to good colleges! CEO Sannerprojects Sannerwind@gmail.com
Comment
9 of 51
December 17, 2008
Mr. Mosman, to your questions: A good search of the IPCC available information fails to produce any indication of a cooling period, but more fine tuning of the warming trend. What statistics have you used to affirm that global temperature has peaked in 1998? The continuous observation of glaziers, arctic and antarctic ice masses and the continuous erosion of costal ice packs in Eurasia and America seem to indicate that the global warming is still in progress. Partial and anecdotic data, gathered from local and temporal recordings, do not destroy the validity of the models' predictions. The assumptions are based on statistical averages, but need to be interpreted within the range of variation of each statistical number.
Btw, I might be experiencing a local warming trend according to your criteria, as at mi home the temperatures, duly recorded by my instruments on a continuous basis, show no freezing, inspite that in every direction from my home there were at least six instances of temperatures below 32F since the beginning of November. Like Mr. Houghton properly indicated, it is just weather...
I know that we had a campaign geared to invalidate the notion of global warming, and against the scientific models which study it, in which by the way the CO2 content in the atmosphere doesn't constitute the only factor taken in account, reflection of the cloud cover and ice surface size and condition being included in a host of other conditions factored in the models... You can keep addressing such campaign statements, but it is no wonder that the IPCC and the other research groups fail to take you seriously.
I rather focus in the issues germane to renewable energy and zero imprint technology like solar, wind, and ocean tidal energy harnessing, rather than discuss unsubstantiated hypothesis like yours...
Have a good day.
Comment
10 of 51
December 17, 2008
Whether the earth is warming or cooling is distracting. Putting too much value on transported substances facilitates bullies' squaring off to control the substances, bloody inconvenient at any temperature.

Acts of bad human behavior and an irritated Mother Nature mean that micro-grids make sense. Fuel them with what can be used close to where use is--geothermal here, solar there--communities can do their local homework. The value is in metering, brains, and fine-motor skills. Silicon, tellurium, whatever--the more substances, the smaller the warlords and their violence footprints.

Diverse-flora-and-fauna food forests make more sense than ugly, top-soil-eroding, energy-guzzling, polluting forms of agriculture that over time make deserts, difficult to heat, cool, or water.

These strands have to be addressed at once. Pulling on one when loose ends are everywhere leaves a tangled mess. Let nano-moles follow the threads.

The word "infrastructure" is boondoggle language. Building expensive things that Mother Nature takes out on a regular basis is exercise in obsolescence and demoralization. Jitneys, bikes, and walking shoes are what we need. Don't get me started on LNG.

CEO's and huge corporations direct huge projects . Who trusts these now when they are trickle-down, transmit-only, and non-transparent? Didn't Richard Feynman show us why trickle-up is so important, when he dropped the O-ring in ice water? Who remembers Hewlett and Packard, not to mention Deming?

I am OK with maintaining the bridges we have with composite exoskeletons, but behemoth new concrete structures are shooting ourselves in the foot with an intercontinental missile with a nuclear warhead.

Whether the shoe-thrower was a lone actor or not, he made the point that sometimes low-tech garners a lot of P-R with minimal cost. Maybe the electronic buzz that has ensued will delay the next bloody episode.
Comment
11 of 51
December 17, 2008
To Peter Schlesinger:

Peter, thanks for the comment. No, I'm not advocating an undemocratic trend in our government. Much as I think the mechanism of the filibuster would get a 5th-grader who tried it sent to the principal's office for childish behavior, the notion of a 'super-majority' threshold for legislation does tend to promote compromise and broad agreement in Congress, leading to legislation that will, in theory, represent the interests of large numbers of citizens rather than extremists.

It's when this dynamic is applied to climate change mitigation that I feel it is problematic, because that's not an issue that can be addressed with less than wholehearted measures. You, I'm sure, having spent time in Europe, know well that even with a few years' start on us and with the best intentions, the Europeans are failing to keep pace with Kyoto goals. These are not easy goals to reach, and the effort to reach them cannot be lackluster. If we start down the mitigation road with the idea that we can please all regional constituencies and accommodate all high-spending industry lobbyists while passing 'green' laws, we will be fooling ourselves. As I wrote in the article:

"We look for the 111th Congress to act as a body representing the whole nation, and by extension of influence the world, rather than as a collection of parochial representatives."

So with global warming, Congress has to see itself as a singular, comprehensive law-making body trying to enact measures that have no characteristic Republican or Democratic identity; their scope must be national or supra-national, their foundation stones must be science, not ideology, and their overarching aim must be effectiveness. To achieve all this, Congresspersons may have to rethink who they are, and who they need to represent.
Comment
12 of 51
December 17, 2008
I am hoping that the Obama admin will find out about the PRE-Plan that allows everyone to pitch in to pay for and profit from renewable energy. While the Pickens Plan is a basically good plan, it is focused on wealthy individuals that can profit from Production Tax Credits, which is fine, but if we can get the other 110 million households involved in investing and profiting, then we are all headed in teh same direction. Check out ProfitableRenewableEnergy.com for the details since it makes more sense than all the other plans so far. This plan supports and can help fund the Pickens Plan as well as just about all other rnreable energy projects.
Comment
13 of 51
December 18, 2008
Mr. Rommey,
Obviously you are not able to answer the the three questions posed so you resort to the IPCC information. Perhaps you might interested in how two distinguished American scientists described the IPCC organization:
Frederick Seitz, now deceased, former President Emeritus of Rockefeller University and past President of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Mr Seitz described the IPCC report as "I have never
witnessed a more disturbing corruption of the peer-review process than the events
that led to this IPCC report"..."If the IPCC is incapable of following its most
basic procedures, it would be best to abandon the entire IPCC process, or at
least that part that is concerned with the scientific evidence on climate change,
and look for more reliable sources of advice to governments on this
important question."(http://www.sepp.org/glwarm/majordeception.html
A Major Deception on Global Warming
by Frederick Seitz Wall Street Journal ,
The IPCC is discussed in "The Real Environmental Crisis" by Jack Hollander, an emeritus professor of energy and resources at the University ofCalifornia-Berkeley. Dr. Hollander has studied energy and environmental
science for half a century. One of Dr. Hollander's conclusion is "The climate-change issue has become so highly politicized that its scientific and political aspects are now almost indistinguishable. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) upon which governments everywhere have depended for the best scientific information, has been transformed from a bona fide effort in international scientific cooperation into what one of its leading
participants terms 'a hybrid scientific/political organization."
By the way what exactly does"but more fine tuning of the warming trend." mean? Another way to describe global cooling without mentioning cooling?
You might also check out the writings of Professor Richard Lindzen
of MIT.
Comment
14 of 51
December 19, 2008
Mr. Mosman, and why do you fail to produce the review about the comments of those "scientists" you bring up (namely Seitz, Hollander, and Lindzen)?
Btw, which are the institutions that paid their income? Any relation with Big Energy Corporations? Include Research programs at the Educational outfits they participate (or participated).
Another article which hit the headlines this week talks about the human influence in thwarting the ice age cycle known to afflict Earth... Isn't that a global warming effect product of our civilization? Check the Scientist magazine.
Comment
15 of 51
December 19, 2008
Mr.Rommey, Space is limited so you can do your own research. Compare Seitz, Hollander, and Lindzen with the trio of gurus of climate change, nee global warming, a motley crew.
-Al Gore a nonscientists, a C university student, a divinity school dropout, a lawyer with no science studies, a majority owner of a company selling 'Carbon Credits' with a vested interest in limiting CO2 for profiteering and the producer of a movie that the British Courts found to have 9 or 11 inaccuracies and could not be shown in British schools without identifying and explanation of the inaccurate claims.support@renewableenergyworld.com
-James Hansen, manager of the NASA department that produced incorrect temperature data for six years, 2000- 2006, more recently issued completely incorrect temperature data for October 2008 which led to headlines claiming the 'hottest October on record" and testified in an English Court that civil disobedience and destruction of property is proper to reduce CO2 emissions. Mr. Hansen would have been fired for his poor management effort.
-Michael Mann, a 'scientist' who used statistical legerdemain to eradicate the Medieval warm period and the Middle Age 'Little Ice Age' to give a perfectly straight handle on his 'Hockeystick' curve which was debunked by two Canadian statistical experts but is still the centerpiece of Al Gore's movie. Another candidate for firing for his agenda driven misuse of scientific methods.
http://www.americanthinker.com/2008/12/climate_crisis_logic_crisis.html
December 19, 2008 Climate Crisis = Logic Crisis
http://businessandmedia.org/articles/2008/20081218205953.aspx
CNN Meteorologist: Manmade Global Warming Theory 'Arrogant'
Network's second meteorologist to challenge notion man can alter climate.
By Jeff Poor Business & Media Institute 12/18/2008

http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24820442-5000117,00.html
Top 10 dud predictions
Comment
16 of 51
December 20, 2008
Mr. Mossman,

I'm just a plain ole country boy. I'm from Missouri. You've got to Show Me.

All I know is that compared to when I was growing up, winters are much milder now. There is less snowfall now, fewer days with low temperatures and FAR more days with Tshirt temperatures even in December and January. Something I would definitely have noticed since I had a paper route when I was growing up so weather conditions were something of prime note to my little world.

Today I live in Oregon. I travel, camp and hike extensively in the west. I can see Mt. Hood from my window. The glaciers are disappearing. By the end of summer they are almost gone. This is within the last 40 years. Everywhere I've been the glaciers are retreating.
Grinnell Glacier in Glacier National Park is less than half the size it was when I first saw it. Areas that would have been snow covered until June at least are now completely snow free by the beginning of May. The fire season in the western states has extended a full two months to include May and September.
Tornados have become far more common and have increased in intensity. It is now becoming commonplace to have tornados outside of Tornado Alley(Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas, and Nebraska) and the season is extending. It is now common to have tornados in the southeast, and even in middle of winter. We are even seeing tornados developing in the northeast in places like Vermont and New Hampshire that NEVER had tornados before. The hurricane season is getting longer. And hurricanes are getting larger, more intense and more frequent.
If global warming is a myth, why are the polar ice caps melting?

I don't think much of your so called "experts". I can just look around and see for myself that both you and they are completely wrong. You live in a fantasy world of complete denial of the obvious.
Comment
17 of 51
December 20, 2008
Mr. Mossman,

I've been browsing the links you provided.
---"The American Thinker is a daily conservative website dealing with American politics, national security, economics, diplomacy, culture, and military strategy.[1] The articles published are often mentioned on The Rush Limbaugh Show, and the site has been mentioned in leading newspapers including Le Monde,[2] The Guardian, [3] and the New York Times.

Writing in The Nation about what he describes as "a smear campaign" against Barack Obama, Ari Berman says "At the fulcrum of this effort is a little-known blogger from Northbrook, Illinois, named Ed Lasky, whose articles on AmericanThinker.com have done more than anything to give the smear campaign an air of respectability."[4]

Writing in the New York Times, Felicity Barringer credited American Thinker with initiating a public outcry over a California plan to require programmable thermostats which could be controlled by officials in the event of power supply difficulties.[5]

The publisher of American Thinker is Thomas Lifson, and the Political Director is Richard Baehr. Key staff also include Rick Moran and J. R. Dunn. AT reserves "the right to be partisan", hence donations are not exempt from taxes.[6]"--------Wikipedia

I do find it interesting on your public resume that you list yourself as an oil and energy professional. As a consultant to the oil and energy industry with emphasis on new ventures, career opportunities, consult referals, business model consulting and implementation.

I find nothing of any sort of scientific expertise even remotely associated with the editorial or publication staff of the websites you listed. I DO find extensive right wing political hacking. Considering the elitist, greed inspired tone of many articles however, I'm glad I'm not an employee of a company you consult for.

Vested interests in fossil fuel company efforts to continue business as usual.
Comment
18 of 51
December 21, 2008
Mr.Linn,
Typical AGW advocate, personal attacks, disparaging any source that doesn't support your beliefs, throw in the false science "Polar ice caps melting" and completely ignore any discussion of the scientific facts.
If you wish to prove your own scientific expertise answer the following question raised in a previous post:
Perhaps you can provide answers.
Question1
-has any projection used by the IPCC or other GW advocates predicted or otherwise foreseen a cooling period or a little ice age in the future?
Question 2
-could any of the current computer models with their climate theories, complex assumptions, complex climate models and positive feedback loops forecast, predict, or foresee a cooling period or little ice age in the future?
Question 3
-since a rather steady state CO2 content had little or no effect on the earth's cyclical climate for 10,000 years and the recent warming trend has moderated since 1998 while the atmospheric CO2 increased aren't the repeated iterations of the computer models actually falsifying the role of CO2 in the earth's climate? Repeated iterations of the Mandelbrot set equation drives the results to infinity or zero. it is possible that the GW computer simulations drive the result to ever higher temperatures just by how the assumptions on the CO2 effect are designed, weighted and looped ?
Stick with a reasoned discussion of scientific facts.
Comment
19 of 51
December 21, 2008
Mr. Linn,
Hope you are enjoying the 'global cooling proves global warming' logic in Oregon:
http://www.examiner.com/a-1756008~Big_Pacific_front_dumping_snow_on_Oregon.ht
Big Pacific front dumping snow on Oregon Dec 20, 2008
Comment
20 of 51
December 21, 2008
===="Mr.Linn,
Typical AGW advocate,........."----------

Like I said, I'm just an ole country boy that believes what I see. I see glaciers melting. I see treelines slowly encroaching to higher elevations. I see polar bears and numerous other species dying off because of changes in the climate. I see an area the size of the state of Delaware in British Columbia with forests dying off due to pine borer beetles where previously it was too cold for them. I see a prolonged drought in the west. I've had to hike 1/2 to 3/4 of a mile to get to the shore line of Lake Mead from parking lots built on the shore just yards from the water when they were put in. I see nuclear power plants in the southeast US that officials are warning will have to be shut down due to declining water levels not leaving sufficient water levels to cool the reactors. I see invasive plants from lower elevations encroaching on arctic tundra areas in the Rocky Mountains. I've seen year 'round shipping in and out of Riga harbor Latvia, when for centuries a main driving force in politics of the Russian Empire was to gain access to seaports that did not freeze up in winter.
----" throw in the false science "Polar ice caps melting"-------
Polar icecaps are melting. We can see it. We can measure it. Large chunks of the Ross iceshelf are breaking off and floating away. What is "false science" about that? If I look out the window, and everything is covered with ice---and I look out the window later and half of the ice has melted, I conclude that it is getting warmer.
-------"If you wish to prove your own scientific expertise answer the following question raised in a previous post:
Perhaps you can provide answers."--------

If you wish to impress me with YOUR scientific and logical expertise, tell me how I see ice melting everywhere I look when you say the earth is getting cooler. My conclusion is that you are wrong.
Comment
21 of 51
December 21, 2008
As for the weather here in Oregon. Yup, I'm in Troutdale, right at the mouth of the Columbia River gorge. The wind is whistling in a sustained 40 mph gusting to 60 and has been for days. People who complain that wind is an unreliabe source of energy should come here and stand outside for a few minutes. It was 18*F last night when I was out, almost unheard of around here where it hardly ever goes below freezing.

However, wind flows in circular patterns. For all the frigid arctic air coming down here right now, warm Pacific air is flowing into the arctic to replace it.
Comment
22 of 51
December 21, 2008
BTW----you are the one who is fixated on computer models, not me. All I've ever mentioned is things that I myself have observed, and the conclusion that I've reached. The earth is getting warmer.

My conclusion is based on my own observations. Nothing you have said has changed anything that I have observed, therefore, there is no need for me to change my hypothesis, computer models or no computer models.

That is scientific method.
Comment
23 of 51
December 21, 2008
Mr.Linn,
A real good "ole country boy" probably from the Pink Floyd "We don't need no education" era, myths and junk science are nuff for me.
Comment
24 of 51
December 21, 2008
----""We don't need no education" era, myths and junk science are nuff for me."---------

I just call 'em like I see 'em.

Here's what I see. Everywhere I look I see evidence that the earth is getting warmer. The vast majority of scientists agree that rising CO2 levels in the atmosphere caused by digging and pumping carbon from deep underground and burning it in th atmosphere is the cause due to the fact that CO2 absorbs radiant infrared energy from the sun trapping heat. I know that in order to measure CO2 I use a device that measures the difference in the amount of infrared light a gas sample will absorb. The more infrared absorbed by the gas sample, the greater the CO2 content. So earth's atmosphere warming due to solar infrared radiation makes perfect sense to me. So far, nothing you have said changes anything about my observations. All I see is a person who has a monetary stake in continueing to sell oil trying to convince everyone keep using oil and coal.
Comment
25 of 51
December 21, 2008
--------"Typical AGW advocate, personal attacks, disparaging any source that doesn't support your beliefs, "-----------

------"-Al Gore a nonscientists, a C university student, a divinity school dropout, a lawyer with no science studies, a majority owner of a company selling 'Carbon Credits' with a vested interest in limiting CO2 for profiteering and the producer of a movie ........"----------

That sounds suspiciously like a personal attack to me. You forgot to mentoion Nobel Laureate.

BTW---it is a 9.5% interest, not a majority interest, and the company is Camco International Ltd.---a renewable energy consulting firm in the business of reducing fossil fuel use, conservation and renewable energy installs. You call it profiteering---most of the rest of us call it "Putting your money where your mouth is."
Comment
26 of 51
December 22, 2008
Mr. Linn
"I just call 'em like I see 'em." is hardly the scientific way, particularly when the old AGW canards and propaganda serve as the only basis for your views. The Antarctic ice cap is expanding, thickening and growing colder, the Arctic ice returned early, the polar bear population is increasing and so on. There can no meaningful discussion when it is facts vs personal opinion.
Comment
27 of 51
December 22, 2008
------"There can no meaningful discussion when it is facts vs personal opinion."-------

Here it is, from NASA observations by satellite since 2000.

http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/arcticice_decline.html

Arctic ice loss.


http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2006-028

Antarctic ice loss.


http://online.wsj.com/public/article_print/SB113452435089621905-vnekw47PQGtDyf3iv5XEN71_o5I_20061214.html

Polar bears.
Comment
28 of 51
December 23, 2008
Mr. Linn,
Global Ice
http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/IMAGES/global.daily.ice.area.withtrend.jpg


Polar Bears
http://www.polarbearsinternational.org/ask-the-experts/population/
Ask the Experts: Are Polar Bear Populations Increasing?

Merry Christmas and happy New Year
Comment
29 of 51
December 24, 2008
Mr. Mossman,

From the article you cite on Polar Bears:
--------"NASA is a key player in looking at the actual decreases in sea ice. It is an easy matter to put the dots together: no habitat, no seals; no seals, no bears. This never was an issue of polar bears alone. The only effective conservation approach is to protect the habitat and this is an issue of climate change. You can distort the issue any way you so desire. At the end of the day, the sea ice is disappearing. Take away the habitat and the species follows shortly thereafter (or before).

Comparing declines caused by harvest followed by recovery from harvest controls to declines from loss of habitat and climate warming are apples and oranges. Ignorant people write ignorant things."--------

The website I cited presents the information on the decline of sea ice as presented by NASA. It was suppressed by the Bush administration, and in particular Dick Chenney and Dirk Kempthorne as part of the Republican political agenda to deny scientific evidence of global warming---even when documented by the government's own scientists---as in this case.

After three lawsuits and court orders compelling the Secretary of the Interior to comply with the Endadangered Species Act---he was finally forced to declare the Polar Bear an endangered species, albeit very reluctantly and expressing his comtempt by immediately assuring that he would not enforce the letter or the spirit of the law. This is completely inappropriate behavior for a public official sworn to uphold the law---no matter WHAT his personal politics.
Comment
30 of 51
January 1, 2009
Mr.Houghton,
Very best wishes for the New Year and your attempt to answer my three questions is appreciated. Your reply to Questions 1and 2 are reasonable but do not answer the question as to whether the computer generated long range climate prediction(s) or forcasts reviewd by IPCC did or even could predict extended cooling periods or even another Little Ice Age. While these computer programs are based on man-made theories, man-made assumptions, man-made selecton of the variables and their weighted effect, some very questionable land based temperature measurments and man-made algorithms, they also leave out two important variables, cloud cover(too difficult to model) and solar activity. Biased selection of variables and placing unsupported and undue emphasis on one variable, CO2, as the cause of warming, repeated iterations do not improve the reliability of the predictions but force the result in one direction, to ever increasing temperatures despite actual data showing that the earth's climate has not been warming since 1998 and the earth's oceans are also not warming (data from 3,000 Argo monitors), despite a moderate increase in CO2 levels. Mr.Mann's discredited 'hockey stick' curve is the classic case of falsification to mislead the world and yet it is still the centerpiece of Al Gore's propaganda film.
Comment
31 of 51
January 2, 2009
OK, you don't believe that climate change is caused by using fossil fuels.

So, what is the action that you recommend? That we continue to use fossil fuels just like we always have?
Comment
32 of 51
January 3, 2009
Mr.Linn,
From my letter to T.Boone Pickens.
"Your thoughts on an all electric/natural gas world may have a few serious drawbacks and misconceptions. In the first place,Canada and Mexico, two members of NAFTA, are the larget suppliers of crude oil to the United States, followed by Saudi Arabia that has a 50/50 joint venture with Shell USA, Venezuela that owns CITGO and Nigeria.
One point that appears to dominate all future scenarios is the almost total concern with replacing gasoline as a transportation fuel with something else, ethanol from any source, hydrogen and now "carbon-free electricity". This is supposed to insure energy independence from importing 'foreign' crude oil. Since less than 50% of a barrel of crude oil is turned into gasoline,44 to 48 percent, the remaining 50+percent provides refinery gas, propane, butane,aviation gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, home heating oil, lubricating oils /greases for both transportation and industrial applications, feed stocks for petrochemicals, detergents, plastics and rubber industries, fuels for marine shipping, asphalts for our roads and highways and last but not least military specification petroleum products. A carbon based petroleum free world appears bleak indeed as humanity may be forced to learn new skills, such as, starting fires with two sticks and hunting whales from sailing ships for sperm oil to light the reading lamps."

"To Be Continued"
Comment
33 of 51
January 3, 2009
Continued from letter to Mr. Pickens,
"The price of crude oil would fall precipitously if the United States would announce the following and mean it:

-exploration and drilling for oil and natural gas would be allowed in and on all onshore and offshore lands and territories of the USA,
-coal to oil refineries, such as SASOL in South Africa, and shale oil recovery would be encouraged and allowed,
-building of nuclear (where adequate cooling water is available), coal and/or natural gas power plants would be accelerated,
-government support programs for ethanol/biodiesel would end.
-under recent proposed legislation allowing the Justice Department to sue OPEC countries for restricting oil production the Justice Department is prepared to sue Congress for the same acts.
Those who oppose drilling for oil also oppose the use and development of coal, shale, dams, nuclear as energy sources, all of which would be provided by investments by corporations while preferring to place their hopes in investing tens of not hundreds of billions of dollars wrested from taxpayers in the hopes that sometime in the future energy sources will be developed that will not only replace the today's energy sources but will keep up with increasing demand of the future. The ultimate source for this future energy world be it sun, wind, crops or waves is dependent on the fickle whims and fancies of mother nature an often brutal and unforgiving taskmaster. Both Newton and Einstein used a 'thought' idea to set up and think through a problem and there doesn't see to have been much thought given to to possible problems and unintended consequences of an all electric world when hurricanes, tornados, earthquakes, floods, droughts, hail, snow/ice storms wreck havoc on the power transmission systems.
The future might be predicted by the movie "The Day the Earth Stood Still" (the original).
to be continued
Comment
34 of 51
January 3, 2009
Continued
"Evidently you have never lived through an extended blackout, that is what four billion dollars can do for you, when there was no electric power. At least today gasoline and diesel powered
emergency vehicles, fire, police, linemans' trucks from all over the US, ambulances and peoples' own vehicles were operational. How will the power companies,governments and individuals cope when such necessary vehicles are dependent on electric power and transmission lines are brought down by ice storms, tornados, hurricanes or other weather occurrrence or an extended blackout occurs from overloads? Was there a back-up in your proposals?" End of letter.

The very first thing that must be done is to stop demonizing CO2. There is a lifetime of scientific proof that CO2 is necessary for all living things on earth and none that CO2 is the primary cause for the earth's cyclical climate changes. For at least 10,000 years, the atmospheric CO2 level remained rather constant (increasing after a warming period) while the earth's climate cycled through extreme warm periods and little ice ages. CO2 is now the
means for controlling people's behavior, for wealth distribution, for taxing people's activities and as a money making schemes for selling "carbon credits" and "Cap and trade" by individuals, nations and energy market traders.
As energy costs increase due to these schemes, the cost burden is placed on the average "Joe and Jane" and not on the Al Gore 'carbon credit' sellers, on Wall Street "Cap and Trade" sellers and buyers and nations' taxing authority.
Comment
35 of 51
January 3, 2009
Mr.Houghton,
Amen
Comment
36 of 51
January 3, 2009
--------"One point that appears to dominate all future scenarios is the almost total concern with replacing gasoline as a transportation fuel with something else, ethanol from any source, hydrogen and now "carbon-free electricity". This is supposed to insure energy independence from importing 'foreign' crude oil. Since less than 50% of a barrel of crude oil is turned into gasoline,44 to 48 percent, the remaining 50+percent provides refinery gas, propane, butane,aviation gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, home heating oil, lubricating oils /greases for both transportation and industrial applications, feed stocks for petrochemicals, detergents, plastics and rubber industries, fuels for marine shipping, asphalts for our roads and highways and last but not least military specification petroleum products. A carbon based petroleum free world appears bleak indeed as humanity may be forced to learn new skills, such as, starting fires with two sticks and hunting whales from sailing ships for sperm oil to light the reading lamps."------

LMAO!!!! That is the MOST laughable piece of propaganda I've ever seen!
There is not one single application on that entire list that can not be provided better by biofuels.
We do not need to give up ANYTHING by switching to biofuels---in fact, biofuels are superior to petroleum as fuels. We already use biofuel mixtures to reduce pollution caused by petroleum, and have been for many years. Biofuels are safer to handle and far less damaging to the enviroment in case of an accident. Ethanol is so safe, it is a standard handwashing solution to prevent infections in hospitals. Biodiesel if spilled in water ways or beaches would be rapidly consumed by natural bacteria in the environment--not congeal in to tarry balls that kill wildlife and persist many many years. If spilled, ethanol is water soluble, and simply washed away, or it also evaporates rapidly.
Comment
37 of 51
January 3, 2009
Biofuels do anything that petroleum does, and they do it better.
Biofuels can be produced from any kind of plant material whatever, anywhere.
Biofuels are extremely clean burning. Since every atom of carbon in biofuels was first REMOVED from the atmosphere by the plants it was produced from, it is impossible to raise atmospheric CO2 levels using biofuels-they are part of the natural sun/carbon energy cycle that has sustained life on earth for billions of years.
Biofuels can be used in diesel engines with no modifications whatever. Flex Fuel cars can use either gasoline and ethanol in mixtures up to 85% ethanol or any proportion in between. Diesel engines can use petroleum/biodiesel mixtures in any proportion from 2% to 100% bio.
Biofuels perform better than petroleum. They are cleaner and provide longer engine life because they are better solvents and don't produce sludges and varnishes that increase friction and wear, shortening engine life and increasing repairs.
Biofuels are liquid and completely compatible with our current supply and distribution network.
Biofuels can be made from any type of plant material, including what is currently waste. Biofuels can be produced right here in the US, by US workers and means we will not be transfering wealth overseas in the form of trade deficits. When we buy biofuels, we will provide jobs and income to workers in the US. We also take away the most potent weapon the terrorists have against us--oil. The single most effective thing we can do for Homeland Security is make and use biofuels.
------"I love CO2, it forces me to exhale."----
I think one day you are going to have to inhale and take in a little oxygen. The only reason you can exhale CO2 is because you inhale O2. If you don't, you aren't alive. Producing biofuels means the plants are producing oxygen. If they aren't, everything dies--you included.
Comment
38 of 51
January 4, 2009
Mr.Linn,
As indicated previously the reply totally focused on automotive fuels, typical bio-hype which ignores the First Two Laws of Thermodynamics, ignores the the fact that bio-fuels must be handled separately, ethanol is not only completely water soluble and is leached into underground water the same as MTBE , only without the foul smell and taste, more like moonshine and water mix, but is also very volatile and escapes into the air at filling stations.
Bio diesel is having a very difficult time in the extremely cold period. Perhaps
you are aware of the very poor low temperature properties which has resulted in some green cities to switch to diesel fuel to keep the buses running,
Before continuing this rather unproductive exchange please prepare an energy balance showing the the number of acres or square miles of US territory that must be planted to replace the energy contained in the approximately 10,000,000 Bbls per day, 420,000,000 usg/day of hydrocarbon gasoline and diesel fuel consumed today. This energy balance must assume that there are no hydrocarbon based fuels, no hydrocarbon based lubricants or greases, no hydrocarbon materials for use in other products such a rubber tires, anti-freeze, etc, in other words a hydrocarbon free world totally dependent on going green, land planted for fuel not food.
Remember that ethanol has only 66% of the energy content of gasoline.
Comment
39 of 51
January 4, 2009
----" in other words a hydrocarbon free world totally dependent on going green, land planted for fuel not food. "--------

The world existed for billions of years with no oil production. It ran solely on biofuels.

-----" ignores the the fact that bio-fuels must be handled separately, ethanol is not only completely water soluble and is leached into underground water the same as MTBE "--------

No one has ever had their well or ground water, or water shed(streams, rivers or lakes) contaminated and unusable for any prolonged period by ethanol. People drink ethanol in large volumes every day. If you drink wine, beer, or any other kind of alcoholic beverage, you are drinking ethanol.
MTBE however is carcinogenic, even in extremely small amounts---that is why we got rid of it.
Coal mining and oil production however can not make that claim---they ruin water supplies permanently.
There is still oil on the beaches from Exxon Valdez, almost 30 years ago.
With biofuels, there will be no need to declare rivers a fire hazard as there is with gasoline or diesel.

-----"Bio diesel is having a very difficult time in the extremely cold period. "----

Diesel is long chain hydrocarbons---that is how you know what you have in a mixture, you check its congealing point, the temperature it begins to change from liquid to solid. That is why you have to put conditioner in petroleum diesel. Conditioner lowers the congealing point and keeps the fuel liquid. Conditioner is alcohol, ethanol is alcohol. Alcohol is also used to remove water contamination from gasoline tanks and lines. It is called Heet, and you can buy it in any auto supply store. Biodiesel has no more problem with cold than petroleum diesel---in fact, the problems are less, you just add some alcohol, the same as petroleum diesel, except biodiesel is a better solvent than petroleum.
Comment
40 of 51
January 4, 2009
--------"Before continuing this rather unproductive exchange please prepare an energy balance showing the the number of acres or square miles of US territory that must be planted to replace the energy contained in the approximately 10,000,000 Bbls per day, 420,000,000 usg/day of hydrocarbon gasoline and diesel fuel consumed today. This energy balance must assume that there are no hydrocarbon based fuels, no hydrocarbon based lubricants or greases, no hydrocarbon materials for use in other products such a rubber tires, anti-freeze, etc, in other words a hydrocarbon free world totally dependent on going green, land planted for fuel not food. "-------

Why should I do that? It is totally irrelevant. Biodiesel can be produced from saltwater algae. It isn't grown on land. Ethanol can be produced from any type of cellulosic plant material, including algae after the oil is removed. It can be made from wood. Each acre of managed timber produces about 2-3,000 tons of culls when thinned to allow the selected timber trees room to grow straight, tall and without competition for water and nutrients. We can get 60-70 gallons of ethanol per ton from wood and this was being done commercially in both the US and Germany over 100 years ago. At this time; most cull timber is just stacked up and burned to reduce fire and insect damage. That is a HUGE amount of wasted energy.
We can also make ethanol from sugar cane(as is done in Brazil) or sugar beets. It can be processed in the same plants as corn, the fermentation process is the same but they do not require the steps to convert starch to sugar, they already store energy as sugars. The yeild is about 8X per acre as it is for corn.
Besides all that---we can mix biofuels in any proportion that we want. They can be any % of the fuel mix that we want.
If you want latex for rubber, there are rubber trees, or milkweed, or gum weed, and many other latex bearing plants.
Comment
41 of 51
January 4, 2009
------"Remember that ethanol has only 66% of the energy content of gasoline.
"--------

That is true chemically. However, ethanol has an octane rating of about 115----meaning that it can be used in ultra high compression ratio engines. An engines compression ratio is what governs its thermal efficiency--how much of the potential energy in the fuel gets converted into actual work. With the ability to run compression ratios of up to 16 or 18 to one, ethanol can achieve twice the efficiency of gasoline powered engines. This means you can get more fuel to work and more power to size from an engine using ethanol than you can from an engine using gasoline---regardless of the chemical difference in the fuels. This is why almost all motor performance sports use ethanol now. It delivers about 40-45% vs. about 25% efficiency from gasoline. There is only one criteria in motor sports, winning. The key to winning is thermal efficiency. That is why all of the fastest race cars in the world use ethanol---it is a better fuel.

If the lower chemical specific heat of ethanol bothers you that much, then use biodiesel. Diesel engines are already high compression, and require no modifiation whatever to use biodiesel. Diesel engines are also in the range of 40-45% thermal efficiency.

The fastest cars in the world use 100% ethanol, the Indy Circuit Racing League.
Comment
42 of 51
January 5, 2009
Mr. Mossman,
You are in the business of pumping poisonous black tarry sludge out of the ground and getting rich off the rest of us by trying to convince us that we NEED your poisonous black tar sludge.
Your sludge pollutes the air, the land and the water. Your fossil fuels kill people, fish, polar bears and every other living thing they come into contact with. Acid rain turns lakes into sterile vats so acid that neither plants or fish can live in them---and everything else that depends on the riparian environment too, frogs, birds, mussells---even humans. Yes, try growing a crop or taking a drink with acid rain water----you might as well be irrigating with vinegar. It even eats away solid rock, limestone, marble, sandstone----any kind of stone that has calcium carbonate as a base component. Asthma and other respiratory problems have roughly doubled over the last 30 years. About the same amount as the increase in fossil fuel use. And so have deaths from those diseases. The oceans are becoming more acid. And the fish are disappearing. Here in the North West, two species of salmon have become so scarce, Oregon and California have closed fishing for them. The EU has closed commercial fishing in several areas. Canada has closed fishing in large areas of the Great Banks.
Your fossil fuels are the root cause of at least three wars that are going on right now around the world. And genocide and at least two civil wars
in Africa.
Your fossil fuels are causing economic collapse and famine around the world.
And you tell us we cann't get along without them. Well, it seems obvious to me that if we don't figure out how to get along without them, and soon, WE will all be fossils too.
The truth is, we don't need your poisonous black tarry sludge. We can do all of the same things working WITH nature using what God and nature provide-sun, wind, plants, earth's heat.
The signs of a dying earth are everywhere for anyone to see, only those blinded by greed cann't see them.
Comment
43 of 51
January 7, 2009
Mr. Mosman and Mr. Linn: I have now read your whole conversation string, and I believe you should both give it a rest. While there is some truth in what you both say, I must give the match to Mr Linn on points.
For Mr. Mosman's side, we will need oil for petro-chemicals far into the future for creating the things we use now, and don't have the time to reinvent all at once, but can reinvent one at a time.
For Mr. Linn's side, your general argument is the one best supported by current scientific knowledge, even though it is and will be disruptive in the marketplace.
Some arguments will not be resolved easily, or instantly. But Mr. Mosman's will keep us stuck in the place we are now. Even if his theory on climatic change is correct, switching to alternative forms of energy as fast as we can will make no difference, and we will have saved that valuable black goo for important future use. If Mr. Linn's theory is correct, changing to alt energy sources will avoid a huge need for man to evolve his breathing chemistry in 50 years, something we will not be likely to achieve. If it were just C02 we had to worry about as a combustion byproduct, that would be bad enough, but all the other off gasses and particulates are bad for us, and are not easily removed from the combustion processes.
Match to Mr. Linn by TKO
Comment
44 of 51
January 7, 2009
Mr.Ingersoll,
I refrained from and had no intention of replying to Mr.Linn as my parents told me never to discuss religion and as Professor Lindzen of MIT stated 'Global warming is a religious belief' not science based but political. Since you are scoring the discussion you are welcome to provide your best input to the following, you can also include algea production but you must also account for replacements for propane, butane, jet fuels, kerosine, heating oils, asphalts, lubricants greases as well as the petrochemical feedstocks.
"Before continuing this rather unproductive exchange please prepare an energy balance showing the the number of acres or square miles of US territory that must be planted to replace the energy contained in the approximately 10,000,000 Bbls per day, 420,000,000 usg/day of hydrocarbon gasoline and diesel fuel consumed today. This energy balance must assume that there are no hydrocarbon based fuels, no hydrocarbon based lubricants or greases, no hydrocarbon materials for use in other products such a rubber tires, anti-freeze, etc, in other words a hydrocarbon free world totally dependent on going green, land planted for fuel not food."
By the way CO2 is a vital component of the earths's atmosphere and there is no scientific evidence that it causes any damage to humans, animals, flora, fauna and the earth's climate.
Looking forward to your solution using scientific and engineering input especially the First Two Laws of Thermodynamics.
Comment
45 of 51
January 7, 2009
-----"By the way CO2 is a vital component of the earths's atmosphere and there is no scientific evidence that it causes any damage to humans, animals, flora, fauna and the earth's climate."----------

I am a respiratory therapist. I can tell you catagorically this is completely and absolutely WRONG. The end result of an excess of CO2 is death. Period.
Your blood has a normal pH of 7.4, slightly alkaline. When carbon dioxide dissolves into water such as in the ocean, or in your blood plasma--it forms carbonic acid. That is what I do. I draw blood and analyze it to determine, Oxygen partial pressure, carbon dioxide partial pressure and pH(the logarithm of H+ ions, the definition of acid). Normal CO2 in the blood is 40 mm Hg. When CO2 increases for any reason(e.g. respiratory failure due to disease such as COPD), it forms carbonic acid in the plasma, and the pH drops---your blood becomes more acid. If your blood pH drops below 7.0(becomes acid rather than alkaline)=you will die unless emergency treatment returns your blood chemistry to alkaline state very rapidly. This is what happens when you suffocate. You have only 5-6 minutes to return respiration and blood chemistry before permanent brain death ensues.

Every single carbon atom in your 10 million bls. of oil(actually closer to 20 million) goes into the atmosphere as NEW carbon. Plants HAVE to REMOVE CO2 from the atmosphere to live. Plants can not use carbon from any other source. For billions of years, life on earth has depended on a balance between plants that take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. Man is upsetting that balance by pumping and digging carbon out of the ground and burning it. When the balance tips too far, mankind will die, and all other living things will die also.

To get an idea of how much time you will have fix the problems when the scales tip too far, hold your breath till you pass out.
Comment
46 of 51
January 7, 2009
Mr.Linn,
Another exaggerated disengenious Al Gore type doom and gloom scare tactic posing as junk scientific "proof" that atmospheric CO2 is a danger. No effort is made to inform only to propagandize by failing to provide your readers with any indication of the danger level of CO2 vs the level of CO2 in the atmosphere. The Federal Standard for carbon dioxide limits of exposure in air is 5,000 ppm (parts per million) 14- 16 times greater than the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide which is in the range of 300 to 375ppm, that is 0.03 to 0.0375 percent.The tragic deaths in Africa from the release of tons of CO2 trapped at the bottom of a volcanic lake did little or no harm to local plant life.
to local plant life
Comment
47 of 51
January 7, 2009
-------"The tragic deaths in Africa from the release of tons of CO2 trapped at the bottom of a volcanic lake did little or no harm to local plant life."-------

Didn't I JUST get through telling you what happens? You don't listen.

CO2 in the atmosphere dissolves into water and forms carbonic acid. Living organisms require an alkaline environment---and that includes the cells in your body. When you put enough acid into an environment, organisms die. Whether it is your bloodstream, or a mountain lake or stream, when you put enough acid into an environment, organisms die.

That is why forests, lakes and streams in areas affected by acid rain from burning fossil fuels die. The carbon dioxide, sulpher dioxide, and nitrogen oxides combine with water to form, carbonic acid, sulphuric acid, and nitric acid. Plants die. Animals die. Everything dies eventually. That is why there is coal and oil in the first place. The dead organisms settled into an area that became too acid to allow normal decomposition. Even the bacteria that would normally decompose the plants and animals that died also died. They fossilized. Now we are burning the fossils and releasing the same things BACK into the atmospere.
Comment
48 of 51
January 7, 2009
------"Another exaggerated disengenious Al Gore type doom and gloom scare tactic posing as junk scientific "proof" that atmospheric CO2 is a danger."--------

My "doom and gloom scare tactic posing as junk scientific "proof"" is used to treat millions of respiratory patients everyday.
Comment
49 of 51
January 8, 2009
--------"Standard for carbon dioxide limits of exposure in air is 5,000 ppm (parts per million) 14- 16 times greater than the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide which is in the range of 300 to 375ppm, that is 0.03 to 0.0375 percent."--------

Carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries(blood) in the lungs through the alveolar walls and out of the body by ventilation, breathing. I check for adequate tube placement and ventilation by checking end tidal CO2---how much CO2 is present at the end of each exhalation. As you can see in the link provided, normal ETCO2 is .03 to 5%. For a healthy person, ETCO2 should not exceed 2-3%. When CO2 in the atmosphere is already .03% as it is now---more CO2 must build up in the blood to cause a pressure gradient to move the CO2 across the Alveolar/Capillary membrane out of the body. More CO2 in the blood =lower pH. Lower pH=more acid.
We are already flirting with the lower range of normal expired CO2 in the atmosphere. It is the same thing as breathing in air that has already been exhaled. We call that "dead space". Once you begin to add dead space to the ventilatory mechanics, the effectiveness of breathing decreases very rapidly.

By the way, it also explains how a CO2 monitor works. A beam of infrared light is shined through a gas sample. Since CO2 absorbs infrared radiation(heat)---CO2 can be measured by measureing how much of the infrared was absorbed in the sample.

http://www.medicalgeek.com/disease-syndromes-procedures/6645-end-tidal-carbon-dioxide-monitoring.html
Comment
50 of 51
January 8, 2009
Mr. Linn,
"
-------"The tragic deaths in Africa from the release of tons of CO2 trapped at the bottom of a volcanic lake did little or no harm to local plant life."-------

Didn't I JUST get through telling you what happens? You don't listen. "

There is no need to listen to you to know what is going on or happens in the world. Obviously you don't listen to scientist or read any publication that does not agree with your agenda. "If ignorance is bliss...you must be in a blissful state as the word's economies tank, less hydrocarbon usage,less CO2 emissions, less employment, less commuting but all is right with the earth's climate according to the Gospel of Global Warming. Isn't this exactly what you are preaching, reduce emissions by replacing hydrocarbon fuels,including coal?
With What and When? The unanswered questions.
Until you provide your answers to the three questions raised previously and the energy balance also requested this conversation is no longer about the
energy of the future. So Goodbye
Comment
51 of 51
January 8, 2009
-------"Isn't this exactly what you are preaching, reduce emissions by replacing hydrocarbon fuels,including coal?
With What and When? The unanswered questions."--------

NO.

Biofuels are hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are part of the natural solar/carbon energy exchange system that has powered all life on earth for billions of years. Plants absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, combine it with water in the presence of sunlight and convert the radiant energy in the sunlight into chemical energy. Animals consume the plant materials and convert it back into CO2 and H2O. Biofuel is just another name for food.
You run on biofuel. If you ride a horse, you are using biofuel. If you drive a truck using biodiesel, you are doing the same thing in the energy exchange cycle of nature that you do if you haul a load by ox cart.
The difference is where the carbon comes from. If you dig or pump it out of the ground---it goes into the atmosphere as NEW CO2 when burned. If it comes from biofuels, it is simply returning the CO2 back to the atmosphere that the plants the biofuel was made from removed it from in the first place. It is impossible to put more CO2 into the atmosphere using biofuels than you started with---to have the plant biomass to make the fuel means the plants have to remove every molecule of the carbon contained in it from the atmosphere----otherwise, you do not have the biomass in order to produce the biofuel.
There is no need to imagine a world without hydrocarbons. I cann't even name a single thing produced from petroleum that we cann't produce from biotic sources equally well. A petroleum free world would not be very different from a petroleum world. AND, there is no NEED to completely get rid of petroleum either. Biofuels and petroleum fuels are a perfect mix and match pair. E-85 is 15% petroleum. And if we reduced our fossil fuel gasoline use to 1/6 current use, we'd have NO problems.
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Chris Stimpson

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About: I am executive campaigner for Solar Nation, the nationwide grass roots advocacy group for solar power. I am committed to bringing Solar into its proper place i... more »

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