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Clean Break Inspires Americans to Pursue "Energy Change"

John Farrell
March 07, 2013  |  22 Comments

Renewable energy journalist Osha Gray Davidson recently released a book called Clean Break, detailing the German Energiewende (translation: energy change).  It’s a story of how the Germans systematically shifted to clean energy, finding as they proceeded that the possibilities were greater, the costs lower, and the benefits for ordinary citizens more prodigious than anyone could have forecast. From the book:

“We’ll definitely get to 35 percent renewable power by 2020,” [Dr. Joachim Pfeiffer, a leading spokesman for the center-right Christian Democrats] said, referring to the next official target. “In fact, we’ll probably reach 40 percent.”

…A whopping 65 percent of the country’s total renewable power capacity is now owned by individuals, cooperatives and communities, leaving Germany’s once all?powerful utilities with just a sliver (6.5 percent) of this burgeoning sector.

It’s a good lesson for the U.S., where policy makers often feel that they have to cater to set expectations based on entrenched interests (e.g. utilities and fossil fuel companies), and where the Germans took their inspiration from (in President Carter’s response to the energy crisis).  President Reagan undid most of our progress, and the German lead on clean energy is the result of our belated return to the game.  Clean Break shows how the Germans have led, and how (in turn) the U.S. can regain its leadership role in clean energy.

My recommendation? Read this book.  Buy it for $1.

And believe that we can do the same.

In the face of modest renewable resources and a grid dominated by large fossil fuel and nuclear power, Clean Break is the story of how committed German citizens have achieved remarkable energy change. It’s the story of the democratizing and renewablizing an entire country’s electricity system from the bottom up, a triumph of local power.

What the German people have accomplished is like the American Apollo Program landing on Mars instead, five years ahead of schedule, and powered by a million citizen-built sparklers. And that’s just the first stop. Clean Break helps Americans understand that they don’t have to be left behind.

This post originally appeared on ILSR’s Energy Self-Reliant States blog.

Lead image: American flags via Shutterstock

The information and views expressed in this blog post are solely those of the author and not necessarily those of RenewableEnergyWorld.com or the companies that advertise on this Web site and other publications. This blog was posted directly by the author and was not reviewed for accuracy, spelling or grammar.

22 Comments

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Kent Doering
Kent Doering
May 9, 2013
To Oshe and Gerald R. As this is a discussion going on over monthsit seems, I note I forgot to correctly add the website of Munich Utilities- SWM - Stadtwerke München at http:www.swm.de.

Their site is in German, but others can click onto the English version at the top right hand.
The latest news is nice. SWM has long had a mixed sewage sludge-compost paddle-methanee generator- which feeds a 100 mW combined district heat and power plant and then pumps the still methane enriched sludge furter ontoa big 500 MW combined district heat and power plant.
They finally got around to doing the Munich City - Hellabronn zoo- putting all the animal manure and compost feed wastes - into a methane generator -using it to generate enough power and heat to provide all the electricity and building heat needed by the zoo.
Frank de Luca
Frank de Luca
May 8, 2013
A study by Amulya K N REDDY (India) Published in WORLD ENERGY ASSESSMENT: ENERGY: ENERGY AND THE CHALLENGE OF SUSTAINABILITY states the following
It has been noted that "poverty has a woman's face". Energy and women are linked in many and diverse ways, particularly through the nature of the (predominantly biomass) energy resource base, also including the characteristics of the household and community economy, the features of energy policy, and the position of women in families and communities. Energy can be a vital entry point for improving the position of women in households and societies.

Another approach is called for one that recognizes that the satisfaction of social needs by energy is best achieved by treating neither energy supply nor energy consumption as ends in themselves. After all, what human beings want is not oil or coal, or even gasoline or electricity per se, but the services that those energy sources provides. Thus it is important to focus on the demand side of the energy system, the end uses of energy, and the services that energy provides.

The presence of a large number of female-headed households in many developing countries, as well as women's primary responsibility for energy procurement and management, gives this energy poverty a particular gender bias. The risk of poverty is greater for women.

WE SUBMIT FOR ANNALISIS THAT THE CARE HYDRO TECHNOLOGY IS A SOLUTION.

The CARE system with a minimum of burocracy and depending on the political maturity of a country or lack of such can economically and with no interference or destruction of the environment generate electric energy for underdeveloped areas. It does not require a distribution network. Geographic areas such as Africa, the Far East and almost any country in South and Central America. The limiting factors are related to the details of the river flow. No dam is used and it is fully in harmony with the environment.www.carelectric.com.br frank@careelectric.com.br
Osha Davidson
Osha Davidson
March 12, 2013
Couldn't agree more, GeraldR. Sorry I missed the irony in your earlier comment. 8-/
Gerry Wootton
Gerry Wootton
March 12, 2013
The most important ingredient in any program is wanna. With it you may, without it you won't. Germans have a tradition of taking the long view and of doing things because they seem right not necessarily because they're cheap. Still, they manage to have respectable quarterlies - even in spite of 'expensive' energy. Anyone who can put up a building that's still perfectly functional after 500 years likely does not have a buffalo hunter mentality. Culture greatly defines our capabilities.
Lawrence Carroll
Lawrence Carroll
March 12, 2013
galen-maloney, I have viewed several of your films on YouTube, and visited your link, and I must say I am impressed by you and your late father's elegant idea. Your invention could provide clean reliable, baseload power - and I hope gets the funding needed to push it forward (I've put you 25 bucks closer).

It is hilarious that such a simple idea has been overlooked for so long, but then that has always been the case.
Kent Doering
Kent Doering
March 11, 2013
GeraldB was being facetious. Actually Gold Standard LEED construction is mandated by the amendments to the German building codes. Hence the very well insulated 24 inch thick exterior walls on all new German buildings if not even thicker.
Osha Davidson
Osha Davidson
March 11, 2013
GeraldR, What you describe sounds very desirable. But you write that we (United States?) have nothing to learn from Germany. What am I missing? Thanks.
Kent Doering
Kent Doering
March 11, 2013
To reply to anonymous Steven: The plan being discussed in indeed enhanced geothermal.. using the highly controversial "brown´s gas" system- where with advanced vhf- systems of 42 kHz and above- you achieve outputs of over 300 liters per hour- per input kilowatt. Korean "B.E.S.T. BrownGas" developed the boiler- or gas turbine fuel injectors for that. As for the geothermal capacity. Germany has two massive hot rock fields- under 80% of the existing nuclear plants- the extensive North German Hot Rock field, and the South German "molasse" field, both of which are already being tapped for geothermal heat and hot water, and some power.
A conversion would retain everything except the reactors proper, which will be gutted, and decontaminated by Beta laser beams. it is cheaper than a "safe" demolition, hiding the demolition wastes in deep salt mines, and building back up coal burning power plants, and cleaner as well. Horizontal drilling from the oil and gas industry makes this "closed, dual concentric pipe dry ot rock geothermal system" possible. The "hho" systems are adapted from mainly Korean developments in that area. New geothermal is also going up, and we estimate that a good 30% of the big brown coal powered fleets can also be similarly converted. Bavaria got 50% of its energy from nuclear, and conversion of the shut down and still operating nukes to dry hot rock is the cheapest "energiewende away from both nuclear and conventional fossil fuel p.g.for baseline power needs.
Gerry Wootton
Gerry Wootton
March 11, 2013
We can learn nothing from the Germans. I once dined in the basement of a 16th century town hall and then attended the symphony in a 17th century cathedral. The next day I took a walk in a 13th century town forest. I saw new residential construction going up with 24" thick exterior walls an 4x8 rafters (obviously built to last). Public bike paths, pedestrian shortcuts and transit stations with massive bicycle parking lots. I went from subway to train to airport without ever going outside; traveled 300 km in under 2 hours. Germany has an energy intensive economy but gets by with per capita electricity consumption which is 55% of the USA.
Germany is not America where energy is cheap.
Can you build a house with net zero energy use? Yes, but would you?
ANONYMOUS
March 11, 2013
Kent writes in comment #12:
"That is, nuke converted to geothermal will be providing over 50% of Bavarian power needs, plus the new geothermal that is is going in."

What exactly is retained from the old nuclear site in this plan? It sound like you are discussing some sort of enhanced geothermal generation scheme, but it would seem like a remarkable coincidence if the best locations for those happened to be near current nuclear reactor sites....
Steven
Kent Doering
Kent Doering
March 9, 2013
Actually Osha, I enjoyed your work. And yes, I do hope it inspires the Americans to follow a bit of the German lead here. I notice "Anonymous" posting nonsense here. Germany has only approved one new coal burning plant.
But let´s talk about nuclear for a moment. Germany is exiting nuclear, and I was a bit closer to that decision which was reached by the C.S.U. at the Bavarian monastery brewery and retreat in Andechs after a Green-Red coalition ousted the C.D.U.-F.D.P in neighboring Baden-Wuerttenburg.
It is very problematic because nuclear provided over 50% of Bavarian energy prior to 2011, and still provides a lot. Now, I am involved in a workgroup which is aiming to convert the nukes to deep geothermal. It is not easy. First, wells will be driven deep into the "molasse" hot rock field and then driven out horizontally, and sealed, a second input pipe- pumps reconcentrated condensed water from the cooling tower down... and it comes back up as steam, but only at 200° c. Big Stirling motor units on the rankine cycle steam exhausts prior to the cooling tower- will generate about 20 mWh of power... and that goes to to "turbo-generating" hho- with high voltage, high pulsed current, pulsed at 42000 kHz.. Attached to variations of Korean B.E.S.T. brown´s gas generators- the pulsed system generates 350 liters of inflammable hho per input kWh.. ie. here. 7000 cubic meters of inflammable hho an hour (overunity) feeding a big Siemens 250 mWh gas turbine... heating the geothermal steam and expanding it to the temperatures needed to drive the turbines. That is, nuke converted to geothermal will be providing over 50% of Bavarian power needs, plus the new geothermal that is is going in. I can recommend Korean B.E.S.T. brown´s gas industrial gas generation web site to Osha to give you an idea of the enormous potentials involved in industrial grade hho generation. it is that which enables converting the nukes to geothermal.
Kent Doering
Kent Doering
March 9, 2013
Oshe and NRGwise: Some idiotic "Thatcherite" Director General ruling at the E.U. level ecclectically prohibited E.U. cities from directly subsidizig mass transit. So the German response was to simply merge city owned utilities, which they can subsidize, with mass transit. German mass transit takes a lot of traffic off the road and saves a lot of energy. Munich Utilities make so much money with their big waste incineration plants long distance heat hot water systems- that they can well afford to build out and operate a fantastic system with 6 state of the art, brake energy subway lines, still building out two lines, and adding a 7th, 12 low entry, multi car, brake energy recycling light rail trolley lines, and I don´t know how many energy efficient, low entry single and double frame, common rail diesel busses. (now being retrofitted with hho systems with the next generation to be brake energy recycling hybrid) They are building out a second through town tunnel for Deutsche Bahn- commuter lines- to double the pulse rate of commuter trains-trough town heading out in 15 different directions. Now, as a Sr. citizen, I subscribe to the consolodated commuter rail, subway, light rail, and bus system... and pay ten months and ride two months free. i.e. unlimited rides to just beyond the city outskirts for all of €410.oo Euros a year. My Sr. citizen German Rail 2nd class Bahn card 50 costs me only 210 a year, and I ride at a 50% discount on the I.C.E., and with a slight disability, for free on regional rail. During rush hours, the busses, subways, and streetcars pulse every 5 minutes, and the "S-Bahn" commuter pulse through the consolodated line every minute. (with the 2nd tunnel, every 30 seconds.)
Osha Davidson
Osha Davidson
March 9, 2013
Hey, Kent. Those CHP units are pretty amazing as are the community heating projects. Thanks for pointing out these programs that I could only touch on in Clean Break!

Nrgwise, yep, efficiency is huge and is a key component in the Energiewende. Smart engineering (sometimes called sustainable engineering) looks at efficiency across the energy spectrum in the built environment. In Hamburg, for example, 99% of residents live within 300 meters of public transportation - which is affordable and efficient. While there I bought a membership in the city bicycle sharing program (5 euros/year) and was able to see the sights by subway, ferry and bike, for about $8 dollars for the day.

Of course, efficiency will only get you so far. Primary power has to be generated and the studies i've read concluded that a combination of solar and wind is the most sustainable method for most locations.
Peter Greenberg
Peter Greenberg
March 9, 2013
Very interesting article and comments. Naturally issues aren't black and white and their is always some good in the bad and visa versa. Overall energy efficiency, although it gets us the farthest, is not sexy and renewables are and they get much more press. We do both and its ridiculous how much more money and attention solar gets over efficiency.
ANONYMOUS
March 9, 2013
Many things done in Germany are culturally impossible in the U.S. There is a tradition of urban development with heavy government involvement in building codes and planning that make possible many energy efficient systems and such things as trash incineration. Those do not translate to a car culture with low-population density cities, a long tradition of government distrust, and a culture that emphasizes the individual.

Germany and Denmark are pushing renewables but that is not translating into a low-carbon economy. They are building big coal plants and importing massive amounts of electricity from coal plants to the east (hiding their real emissions). There is no strategy to address the seasonal characteristics of renewables and the need for seasonal electricity energy storage. The backup for renewables is increasingly natural gas fired turbines. However, gas turbines are very inefficient when operated at part load. That gets one into a situation where one can get more greenhouse gas emissions with variable renewables backed up with gas turbines than a system using only gas combined cycle plants. Its the results that count--CO2 to the atmosphere. Here they are failing.
Kent Doering
Kent Doering
March 9, 2013
Thanks Oshe. Will stay in contact this way. Do suggest you check out the website of the Munich utilities to see what they are doing. I`ll have to look it up and respond again. MVG Very interesting stuff.
And don´t forget the recent amendments to German Renewable energy act which mandate micro-combined heat power on all new buildings, and subsidize its build out in older buildings to replace oil heating units. It gets very interesting when one realizes that some people are actually running those micro-chp units with hho generators from the power generated in "overunity" mode. No b.s..
Osha Davidson
Osha Davidson
March 9, 2013
Kent, "Clean Break" was just meant to introduce Americans to Germany's energy transition, which, as you point out, covers a lot of ground. There are links in the book for readers who want to learn more about specific topics, and a great new resource is at http://energytransition.de/.
Galen Maloney
Galen Maloney
March 8, 2013
Great article and I think we need to study Germany and learn from them. But I agree with Kent in that the utilities can greatly help or hinder a transition to renewable power. Another thing that will help is distributed generation done by local governments or entities. My father came up with a new way to generate electricity and we've been working on this project for four years and we're raising funds to build a prototype. It would be a cost effective baseload renewable that could directly compete with nuclear and fossil fuel power generation. Could use help spreading the word. Check out the site and pass it along if you agree that its a worthy idea. thanks

www.indiegogo.com/cahill
Kent Doering
Kent Doering
March 8, 2013
I`d like to dwell on urban waste incineration and sewage methane recapture systems a while longer. These are built out and are building out in all major German cities and in many mid sized cities as well. They are "off the renewable" radar, but provide and will provide over 22 gWh of power, the equivalent of 22 nuclear power plants.When combined with city long distance heat hot water systems, they doubly "save energy". That is 22 gWh of essential baseline backup power. Then we can add another 2 gWh from sewage and compost methane recapture. Agrarian manure and septic tank sludge methane recapture is just starting to build out. 5000 farms, or 2.5 % of all German farms already utilize it to generate 800 megawatts of power. when built out to encompass all 200.000 German farms- for a fantastic "manure methane waste" power capacity of 32 gWh along with all the rural building heat systems. That was partically covered in "Clean Break". Villages such as Wildpoldsried in Bavaria, utilizing that, wind, and solar- put out over 3 times as much power as they consume.
Davidson also missed describing the industrial energy savings technologies going into place. I´ll get into that now. A Siemens upgrade on a production line entails a power management system and upgrading the drive motors to A +++. That cuts power consumption on the line by up to 55%, a big factor in maintaining industrial margins via energy efficiency measures.
Energy efficiency in industrial processes is a key export item for German industry. Its sustainability sector passed the German automotive sector as German´s biggest sector of the German GNP last year, now at 12% and will be 20% of the GNP by 2020. And there is a lot more Germany is doing to slash consumption in its residential, commercial and office building consumption and industrial sectors that was not treated of in "Clean Break".
But let us talk about the transition to geothermal. Germany is exiting nuclear. Ang geothermal will be the answer.
Frank de Luca
Frank de Luca
March 8, 2013
I write to inform that a Brazilian company that was selected as a TECHNOLOGY PIONEER by WEF at DAVOS has invented a new clena renewably hydro generation technology using no dam, with fish runs and operating at 80% of installed capacity. Pls visit www.careelectric.com.br or cleanandrenewableenergy.blogspot.com.br
Patrick O'Leary
Patrick O'Leary
March 8, 2013
Hybridizing the vehicle fleet is part of the answer. 'Solar-izing' the building stock will be the other half.

Building the more prosaic forms of solar into buildings would reduce energy use, expenditures and emissions. Better for the owners than the Utilities, better for the economy than the special interests.

Futura Solar is focusing on low-profile commercial structures with their significant collector surface: the roof. Light on the factory floor, solar thermal (air & water) for whatever process is used in the business, and even PV as appropriate. These basic G&A energy expenses can be covered by solar and a contribution towards Direct Energy expense is still possible.

Futura's Sawtooth solar daylighter revives sawtooth roofing, married to a 2 pass air heater which can host the PV, SWH or PV/Thermal as specified.
Kent Doering
Kent Doering
March 8, 2013
I live in Germany. Clean Break is an interesting book. However, Davidson missed a lot of details about the German energy sector which makes the "clean break" even possible. There are so many advances in energy efficiency, building insulation, and other things that Davidson missed.
For example, the city owned utiltiis have done a lot to enable and ease the installation of solar (which they have to buy back and redistribute on the grids. But how do you sink the cost of power back down again in a viable balance? They themselves invest heavily in solar and wind. (Munich utilities for example.) Extensive long distance heat hot water systems - massively slash heating oil consumption and the utilites charge half the price of heating oil for the heat they deliver (and still make a profit.) Choking on garbage- most German cities built power and long distance heat based on urban transh incineration. Munich is so "red-green" prograssive that it even built a sewage methane recapture system, and a "compost" collection methane recapture system.
Those urban "stadt-bio-gas" systems and garbage incineration systems are largely built out. (I mean a 400 megawatt urban waste incineraton plant and a 100 megawatt "urban methane recapture" power-heat plant is hard to overlook, but Davidson doesn´t even mention those big "industrial" green power projects. Munich has heat wells for adjuvent heat in its long distance heat hot water system which saves over 5 million barrels of heating oil a year. And while Davidson rode Germany´s excellent high speed rail all over the country, he didn´t delve much into the technology behind it. Brake energy recycling trains, with ultra-efficient A+++ drive motors. 85% more energy efficient than travelling by car, and more efficient than bus or planes as well. Davidson touched on urban transit- pointing out the use of light rail streetcars in Freiburg.

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John Farrell

John Farrell

John Farrell directs the Energy Self-Reliant States and Communities program at ILSR and he focuses on energy policy developments that best expand the benefits of local ownership and dispersed generation of renewable energy. His latest paper,...
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