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Don't Miss The Great Solar Debate: Where Does the Global Solar Industry Stand? Click Here to Register! ×

Solar Energy Rallies on New Beijing Subsidies

Doug Young
December 14, 2012  |  31 Comments

China's solar panel industry is starting to look more and more like a beggar kneeling on the doorstep of Beijing, with the latest word that the central government is preparing to hand out an additional $1.1 billion in subsidies to the struggling sector. That news comes just after a government official was quoted saying Beijing is considering a plan to double its already ambitious target for a massive building spree of new solar electricity plants, again in a bid to support the struggling sector.

Shares of embattled solar panel makers -- many of which are now trading below the $1 mark -- rallied on this "double happiness" pair of reports, with the healthiest companies notching the biggest gains.Among those, Yingli (NYSE: YGE) posted the biggest gains of about 18 percent, with Trina (NYSE: TSL) and Canadian Solar (Nasdaq: CSIQ) both up around 10 percent. Even Suntech(NYSE: STP) and LDK (NYSE: LDK), 2 of the worst hit companies, notched similar strong gains.

That leads me to my next point, which is that investors expect this latest news to be followed soon by a bigger bailout for the entire sector. Before we look at that part of the bigger picture, let's step back and have a look at the latest reports, both of which are coming from the official Xinhua news agency that often acts as an informal spokesman for policymakers in Beijing.

According to the reports, China has allocated an additional $1.1 billion in subsidies to the solar sector, more than doubling the amount of previously announced handouts given out this year. That news comes a day after another Xinhua report quoted a government official saying Beijing is considering a plan to raise its target for construction of new solar power plants to 40 gigawatts of installed capacity by 2015, nearly double the previous target that itself was just raised in September.

It's interesting that solar shares rallied on the report about new subsidies, since the $1.1 billion in additional support is really quite minor and won't make a huge difference to any individual company. By comparison, the doubling of the construction target is much bigger and could translate to major new orders not only for the Chinese firms but also for foreign players like First Solar (Nasdaq: FSLR) if Beijing really executes the plan.

My view is that investors are betting that these latest 2 solar signals from Beijing are both just a prelude to a bigger state-led bailout package for the entire industry that is likely to come in the next 3-4 months. That package could see Beijing provide new funding for around a dozen of the industry's strongest players, which would then act as consolidators for the many smaller producers that would either be closed or merged with bigger rivals.

Investors are clearly becoming optimistic that sunnier days could be ahead for the sector in 2013, fueled by this state-led consolidation and a new boom in demand from China. I would partly agree with this view, though would also caution that there could be some hiccups in implementing such massive new plans. As a result, any meaningful pickup probably won't come until 2014.

Bottom line: New signals from Beijing indicate a rescue package for solar panel makers is drawing near, though a true turnaround for the sector is unlikely until 2014.

This blog was originally published on Young's China Business Daily and was republished with permission.

Lead image: Solar panels via Shutterstock

The information and views expressed in this blog post are solely those of the author and not necessarily those of RenewableEnergyWorld.com or the companies that advertise on this Web site and other publications. This blog was posted directly by the author and was not reviewed for accuracy, spelling or grammar.

31 Comments

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Wayne Dederick
Wayne Dederick
January 20, 2013
It seems to me that China has done the world and our climate a great favor, twice. First by helping to drive down the cost of solar panels so that PV is now competitive with fossil fuels and secondly by starting an FIT that will help to slow climate change. Possibly we are not always objective in our opinions on China.
Bob Wallace
Bob Wallace
January 19, 2013
I decided to pull my solar panel lifetime notes together. I'll share...

Center for Alternative Technology - UK
180 75W panels installed in 1997. In 2010 tested each panel. Average output after 13 years was 68.5W. 91% of original output. 0.7% per year loss.

LEE-TISO testing centre for PV components at the University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland
10kW roof installation in 1982. Initial testing showed 10.7kW output. Tested in 2002. 11% loss after 20 years. 0.5% per year loss.

Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission - France
9 45-watt Kyocera panels installed in 1992. After 20 years power production declined by 8.3%. 0.4% per year loss.

A single panel tested in Spain.
Manufactured in 1972 and rated at 37W. Tested in 2012 it produced 30W. A 19% loss in 40 years. 0.5% per year loss.


A single panel. US installed.
A 22W Arco panel installed in 1980. Tested in 2001 it produced 19 watts. A 14% loss in 21 years. 0.7% per year loss.
Bob Wallace
Bob Wallace
January 19, 2013
Anon - the oldest solar panel is now over 50 years old and still working fine. It's not a good test example as it was stored out of the light for many years.

There are multiple sets of panels that are over 30 years old and still kicking out nice amounts of power.

Kyocera panels installed over 20 years old which have lost 8.3%, 0.4% per year. There are other test reports with maximum set losses of 0.7% per year, the other panel sets showing less loss.

We don't yet know how long solar panels will really last. And newer panels are likely to last longer than those manufactured decades ago. Technology does advance.

" Without new breakthrough in technology, photovoltaic installation will not achieve economic parity with the conventional power generation."

If we were installing at the German price of $2/watt the cost of solar in much of the US would be in the 8 to 9 cents per kWh range. (We're installing utility scale at $2.40/watt.)

The median cost (LCOE) of natural gas is 7 cents. The median cost of coal is 8 cents. We don't need any breakthroughs, we just need 'balance of system' prices to keep declining.

http://en.openei.org/apps/TCDB/

BTW, solar panel prices are now just about $0.50/watt. When Germany hit $2/watt panel prices were at least 50% higher than now.
Bob Wallace
Bob Wallace
January 19, 2013
Kangas -

"China pays $0.54 kwh to farmers & home that harvest solar & feed it onto the grid. This is money paid for energy delivered. It is not a subsidy."

If the Chinese government is paying a higher FiT than the wholesale price of electricity then that is a subsidy.

I agree that FiTs seem to work better that other subsidy approaches. And I think subsidies are totally appropriate when it is in the public's best interest to support an emerging technology.

That said, it sure seems like 54 cents is very high. That may be desirable to get the Chinese installation sector built up in a minimal amount of time. If they've learned from other countries and have built in a mechanism to lower the FiT at an appropriate rate then the Chinese may be doing something else well.
Keith Elliott
Keith Elliott
January 19, 2013
Anonymous...do you have a name?
40 year old solar panels are not uncommon. And no, we are not talking about calculators.
China pays a fair price for solar power, as does Germany. A couple of years ago, the Ontario government was paying 17 cents a Kwh and they still are if you signed up with them.
Breakthroughs happen all the time with solar technology. Don't expect a single miracle, as it is a combination of lots of small things which add up that make the difference.
As for no economic parity, that's terribly false. The break even point has long been considered $1 a watt, and many panels are well below that now.
If all you have to say about solar is doom and gloom, just think of me next time your grid goes down! I will be enjoying my sun produced electricity. Don't let your flashlight run out of batteries!
ANONYMOUS
January 19, 2013
Solar energy is a nascent industry. I am very surprised that there are 40 years old solar panel. I hope he is not talking about the solar cell in the calculator. I will not be surprised that the new China subside will fail in two years. Without new breakthrough in technology, photovoltaic installation will not achieve economic parity with the conventional power generation.
Paul Kangas
Paul Kangas
January 19, 2013
China does not pay "subsidies" to homeowners who feed solar onto the grid. China pays $0.54 kwh to farmers & home that harvest solar & feed it onto the grid. This is money paid for energy delivered. It is not a subsidy. China is a workers Republic. Everyone who works is respected and paid a fair wages. Any state that pays less than $0.54 kwh is trying to rob those who are installing solar. The US needs a Feed-in Tariff that makes solar attractive as an investment for homeowners.

Some of the people who comment on here try to twist the facts using political slander of China.
They will soon be surprised when China achieves 50% of their energy from solar & renewables, about 2030.
Germany achieved 50% in May 2012. Congratulations to the smart German people.

We all must follow the lead of Germany & now Japan, which both pay $0.54 kwh.

If we want the solar economy to work, we must make the price paid to those who harvest the solar from their roof, attractive. This is how Germany shut down half its nukes. This is the best route for California & the US to follow to shut down all our nukes. No matter what Obama wants. Solar is pushing forward, as the US falls into the swamp.
Bob Wallace
Bob Wallace
January 3, 2013
Do you have data to back your 5%+ loss claim?
Steve Yang, P.E.
Steve Yang, P.E.
January 3, 2013
I'm glad to hear people getting 100%, even 115% production from their PV array after a few years, without human cleaning. Also, the mention of solar array going strong after 40-plus years! I've seen dirt and grime on every solar site i visited. Without effective, or professional cleaning, these arrays suffer at least 5% in degraded output. Solar arrays are not maintenance-free. Every bit of care and oversight will be paid back with enhanced production. They need to watched over time to time.
Wayne Dederick
Wayne Dederick
December 22, 2012
I recently bought 60 240w polys at King Solarman at 65 cents/watt. Also have great prices on Enphase M-215.
http://king-solarman.com/
Bob Wallace
Bob Wallace
December 17, 2012
I don't know, but I'd bet there are solar installers in your general area that could give you an estimate of your solar potential. Probably shops in Seattle or Vancouver have detailed solar maps for your area.

And keep your eyes on emerging solar technology. There are at least a couple of "breakthroughs" that might give us panels that work well in the diffused light of cloudy days. I'd love some right now.
Keith Elliott
Keith Elliott
December 17, 2012
@ Bob Wallace...I'm located in the Gulf Islands in the chain about 100 or so miles above Seattle. In the winter time our productive sun time is really very poor. Summer is absolutely incredible though. We are in the rain shadow of Vancouver Island and get amazing amounts of excellent sun. I don't honestly know what the daily average would be right here. I am at 49º on the button here.
Bob Wallace
Bob Wallace
December 17, 2012
I forgot to add that only along the foggy upper Northwest Coast does any part of the US receive that little sunshine. A little strip in the Seattle area.

Even Fairbanks and Matanuska Alaska get more than Paris.
Bob Wallace
Bob Wallace
December 17, 2012
Anon #14 - it looks like you engaged in cherry-picking when you stated -

"The average useful hour per day of PV is 3.34 (Wikipedia – Photovoltaics)."

Checking your source here's what I found - "in Paris, where the average insolation is 3.34 sun hours/day".

Gerald already recognized that, but I though a little additional cleansing light might help...
Daniel Simon
Daniel Simon
December 17, 2012
@ Anon 14

1 sq. ft. of solar cells generates 14W-18W, 0.2mm thick PV cells is a better average, at ~5g/watt eack kg of silicon generates 200W. The numbers above were common a couple years ago, they are probably doing even better today.

In any case I don't understand why a 1-2 year energy payback is a problem for a product thats will last for multiple decades.
Gerry Wootton
Gerry Wootton
December 17, 2012
Comment 14 proves you can prove anything including the EROI for sunny Paris France using improbable thin film modules made from silicon cells made using 20 year old processes. It's been more than a decade since we ran any 300 micron cells (thick as a brick by today's standards). 17% is a good number for average module efficiency (not 9-11%) and the sunny southwest has average sun hours in the range of 5.5 to 6.5 depending on location. A rated lifetime is 25 years but a significant portion of all modules will outlast that, some by a lot. Operational lifetime is more a matter of what level of declining output is acceptable to the user.

For comparison, US oil is now down to an EROI of 11-14 (well below the world average) mainly because reserves are so thoroughly exploited that nothing comes easy anymore. Tar sands have EROIs of 6-9.
ANONYMOUS
December 16, 2012
rk7x5(Solar grade silicon) SGS is the raw material to make PV cells. Before 2005, PV industry was small and it used the downgraded materials from EGS (Electronic Grade). After 2005, demand grew beyond supply. New SGS factories were built to meet the demand. The energy used for making SGS can no longer ignored.

The process of making SGS takes two steps – metallurgical grade silicon (MGS) with 98% purity and SGS with 6N purity. Both are energy intensive processes. MGS uses the arc reduction process. Each ton of MGS requires 3 tons quartz, 1.4 ton coke, 2 ton charcoal, 0.14 ton graphite and 14 MWh electricity. (Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, v. A23, 1993). SGS is made from MGS useing Siemens process. It is done by chlororization of MGS with hydrogen chloride at 800C and high pressure to form trichlorosilane, which is then distilled several times to remove the impurities. Finally, pure trichlorosilane is reduced by chemical vapor deposition at 1100C and 6 bar pressure. (Steven Amendola –"Overview of Manufacturing Process for Solar Grade Silicon). The energy used in Siemens process is 200 KWh/ kg of silicon. The processes have low reaction rates. The output gases must be separated, recycled, and residues going through waste treatment. The chemicals are corrosive, flammable, explosive, toxic and prone to contamination. The total energy consumed from quartz to SGS is 214 KWh per kilogram.

One ft^2 of Solar cell can generate 8-10 Watts. (www.solar-estimator.org). PV cell thickness is 0.3 mm, and silicon density is 2.33 g/cm3. SGS per ft^2 PV cell weighs 65 g. Each Kg of SGS generates 0.154 KW.

The average useful hour per day of PV is 3.34 (Wikipedia – Photovoltaics). From the above data, we need 416 days to recover the energy used to make SGS. This does not include the energy used to make PV cell, and energy loss due to storage, conversion, etc.
clay rager
clay rager
December 16, 2012
Approaching 4 four years and running strong with our solar array.
The system returned in just 2years Now thats the first system we installed We followed up by installing systems in my parents(80+ of age)
Now only have payments of Taxes because along with solar PV we installed GEO thermal ground source heat pump for their HVAC needs , coupled with a de-superheater for their Domestic water needs,.
Boy I could go on Like the 20mw we just finished in Tinton Falls NJ for a Client Tinton Fall Solar farm .
The only real dirt we have to clean off the array is from the Coal producing plant across the river in PA. Same air the study discovered in NY on the Looms... Wake up and smell the air Since you can't see it,Anonymous 2 of 13
Keith Elliott
Keith Elliott
December 15, 2012
Bob Wallace, thank you for the link. I will be keeping track of that one as the day comes closer to buying more panels. I think a full pallet load is eminently doable. A few extra watts can't hurt now, can they?

One more for our learned friend in post #2. My good friend Don across the bay from me has had some of the very early panels since about 1971 or '72. Yes, they are still going strong.

Note to Longwatcher...don't forget that we are tending to install much higher wattage systems today than a decade or two ago, which I believe to be directly attributable to the lowering of panel prices. Therefore, the installers aren't doing so badly really. A 3 or 4 thousand watt system would feed his family for awhile.
Tim Dolan
Tim Dolan
December 15, 2012
I just learned from some friends that here in SE Virginia, some folks have been under $2/watt installed ($1.67 for last one) for the last few installations. It is a co-op group with a volunteer electrician for final. Considering my system was $6.7/watt installed in late 2009, huge drop in prices for residential in recent years.

May not be real good for solar installers as it is mostly do it yourself, with some help, but it is very good for solar and does have a business model that can work.

Also my understanding is that is with US made panels.

Note this is second hand, but generally reliable source.
Bob Wallace
Bob Wallace
December 15, 2012
Yeah, when I set up my first home system 20 years ago prices were $12/watt. I found some used panels from a utility test site for about half that price.

Right now Sun Electronics has panels for $0.65/watt if you buy a full pallet. You might be able to use a full pallet or sell off some.

Often what they are selling is manufacturer's overrun or stock from a company that has gone belly up.

I've heard decent things about Sun but have no personal experience. Do your due diligence.

http://www.sunelec.com/


And here's a site that tracks best retail prices. When I checked it just now the page was having trouble. Might want to check after the weekend.

http://www.ecobusinesslinks.com/surveys/free-solar-panel-price-survey/
Keith Elliott
Keith Elliott
December 15, 2012
Wow! .66 cents a watt...I'm green with envy! 15 years ago I paid $8 a watt. That seemed to be the going price at the time. I will be building a new solar house pretty soon, needless to say powered by the sun.
Any idea what the price break might be on 10KW or so? I mean to say I thought .74 cents was good, .66 is just that much better. Thank you for that!
Bob Wallace
Bob Wallace
December 15, 2012
The cost of installing in the US is more than double that of Germany due mostly to 'soft costs'. Most of the soft costs involve permitting. I'm going to guess that those costs are even lower in China. And China's labor costs, including skilled labor, are much lower than Germany.

Additionally, China understands climate change. They know that a wilder, hotter climate is likely to cause them major problems. They recently decided to build no more nuclear reactors inland apparently because of a likely future problem of supplying cooling water.

China is also putting a cap on the amount of coal that can be burned annually. That means that they have to find other ways to power their economy. Wind and solar installations are being boosted.

--

There was a study on line for a while but my link doesn't take me to it any longer. Anyway, it was a study of a PV installation that had been on line for 30 years. Over that time they had less than 2% module failure, mostly due to connection corrosion. System output was well over 80% of the original output.

No one has ever found a "silicon cliff" over which panels throw themselves when they reach a certain age. I think it's safe to expect installed panels to keep on producing for over 50 years with a small annual decrease.

Perhaps at some point the real estate they are occupying will be better used by much higher efficiency panels and they will get swapped out.

We're just now swapping out the 30 year old turbines at Altamont Pass wind farm. Doing that because maintenance costs are starting to rise and the space would be much better used by taller, more efficient gear. Solar doesn't have significant maintenance issues.
Daniel Simon
Daniel Simon
December 15, 2012
The author seems to know something about the Chinese solar market. I wonder if the author (or other readers) could comment on the cost of installing solar in China. Are there any good sources/recent data points that would help us understand installed costs in China?

I assume it costs less than in the US, perhaps on par with the cost in Germany (maybe less...)? The reason for the question is that China could be the cheapest place to install solar (either already or in the near future), which might put a different spin on China's desire to boost its investment in solar.

@2 anon: studies have shown that some solar panels are producing at 92% of original power after 20 years in the field. http://cleantechnica.com/2012/09/27/kyocera-solar-modules-show-only-8-3-performance-degradation-after-20-years/
Therefore 20 yr. lifetime is realistic, or perhaps one should say conservative. There is no reason why solar panels will not continue working for 30, 40 or even 50 years...(perhaps not every single panel will still be working after 50 years, but most of them.)
Bob Wallace
Bob Wallace
December 15, 2012
Yep, lower. As of Wednesday the average spot price for solar modules was $0.66/watt. Low was $0.54/watt.

Obviously those prices apply to very large quantity, not grabbing a couple for your roof. But by shopping around you can beat the $1/watt retail price.
Keith Elliott
Keith Elliott
December 15, 2012
15 years and counting for my panels. They still work just fine thankyou. Makes you wonder where some people get their information, doesn't it?

Given the obscene subsidies that the U.S. hands out to coal, I have to think that if they did the same for solar things would turn around very rapidly. I, for one, will NEVER go back to unreliable grid power.

Brand new state of the art panels are now available as low as .74 cents a watt. It might even be better than that, that's just the best I have run across recently.
Bob Wallace
Bob Wallace
December 15, 2012
Comment #2 is chockablock full of misinformation.

Wrong on cleaning.

Wrong on economics.

Wrong on energy payback for solar panels.

Wrong on pollution from solar panel manufacturing.
ANONYMOUS
December 15, 2012
My roof top system is at the 8 year mark and no change in electricity production since they were installed. Should I still try the mirror experiment?
Tim Dolan
Tim Dolan
December 15, 2012
@ comment #2,
Passing the 3 year mark with my solar panels with NO cleaning and they are still producing more electricity then I need. The math said they should only do 90% of my needs and they have been doing 115%, they are still producing above 100% of my needs, and being in limbo on my day-job lately means I have been using more then normal. I don't expect to need to clean them for at least another 3 years if ever.

Of course I live in Virginia and it rains and snows here cleaning off the panels fairly well.

And you are either using extremely OLD data about silicone refining pollution or out right confused. The overall impact of silicone PV panels over a 25 year period is considerably less pollution and environmental damage to humans then even the cleanest coal burning plant.
ANONYMOUS
December 15, 2012
China's solar energy subsidises will fair no better than Obama's subsidises in Solyndra. The entire photovoltaic industry exists on hype and subsidises. Money alone cannot buck the law of physics, that limits the efficiency of solar energy to electricity conversion. In addition, it takes two years for solar panel to generate electricity just to recover the energy used to purify the poly silicon. It is assumed 20 years of lifetime to make economic sense of solar panel. Is it realistic? Expose the dedicated solar cells under all kinds of weather for 20 year. Try to put a mirror on your rooftop for 2 years, you will find out. If you still can see yourself in the mirror. Solar photovoltaic system is not even a clean energy technology. The silicon purification process is the most polluting industry. It causes more damage to the environment than burning coals.

There are many other ways to convert the solar energy to electricity with better economic sense.
Bob Wallace
Bob Wallace
December 14, 2012
You need to pay attention to what is happening to the price of installed solar in Europe and the US. Germany has hit a blended (residential, commercial and utility) installed rate of $2/watt. And their blend is residential heavy as opposed to being pulled down by cheaper utility scale installations.

It took Germany about three years to drop from the prices we are now seeing in the US to where they are now. That suggests that we are 2-3 years away from end-user grid parity for solar in the greater US. $2/watt gives us sub-ten cents per kWh electricity.

If China starts installing a GW per month, which is about what it would take to hit their 40 GW goal on time, that's going to mean higher volume manufacturing which is likely to speed panel price cost reduction.

If you look around the world many countries are installing their first large solar arrays. That means dozens of new market will be opening as people start seeing how solar works for them.

The real takeoff may not be until 2014, but for those of us interested in solving climate problems, we're not short term traders. We'll be really happy to see installation rates booming a year from now.

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Doug Young

Doug Young

Doug Young has lived and worked in China for 15 years, much of that as a journalist for Reuters, writing about publicly listed Chinese companies. He currently lives in Shanghai where he teaches financial journalism at a leading local university....
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