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Will Solar Installers Become Commodities Too? Perhaps They Are Already.

Tor 'Solar Fred' Valenza
April 20, 2012  |  15 Comments

As solar PV prices continue to be chased down to the lowest $/watt solar commodity, solar PV installers, big and small, must also consider whether their solar services are also headed in the same direction.

I strongly believe that experience, certifications, and skill have value, but as solar installation becomes increasingly "plug and play" with easier and faster racking, micro-inverters/AC panels, satellite insolation assessments, and performance monitors, customers will increasingly devalue experience with the perception that installing solar requires little skill or experience, so lowest price becomes the only important factor.

This trend will not be limited to the residential market, and in fact, I believe the large scale/PPA and utility integrators are already somewhat commoditized. In my conversations with solar developers in the past year, I have never met more cost-conscious, bottom-liners. Their army of MBAs and CFOs look for the lowest possible, bank-approved installed price, while squeezing out as much scalable profit as technically possible.

Especially when you’re talking about large scale projects, every installer under serious RFP consideration has been around the solar block enough times to execute a great installation with quality equipment procurement.  

So, when all things are relatively equal, then apples to apples, competing installers are forced to procure and bid the lowest possible price to win contracts.

Of course, residential customers often demand multiple bids, but I think their lack of solar knowledge makes installation commoditization somewhat less of a threat…for now. As solar becomes more common, residential solar, including leasing/PPA companies, will also become threatened with commoditization.

If installer commoditization has already begun, how can installers successfully compete to win that 5-kW or multi-MW contract? What makes the difference beyond the lowest price?

The solution is actually very simple: It’s all about having a trusted brand relationship with past, present, and future customers. The difficult part is making the effort to create that brand relationship so that the lowest price becomes — slightly — less important.

Specifically — regardless of market sector — you can fight installer commoditization in the following ways:

  • You can stand behind your work and product longer than anyone else (and why shouldn’t you?).
  • You can not only fulfill your contractually stated promises, such as completion dates, but exceed them.
  • With every detail and every customer contact, your customers, prospects, and past clients can receive beyond-the-call care and service.
  • Your brand can build such a high regard, that new customers are not only aware of your brand, but relate your brand to quality, rather than lowest price…even when you are the lowest price. 
  • Most importantly, you can give some unique added value to your solar installation service. That is, you can give some extra customer care that no one else does. It may even be something that customers never realized that they needed or cared about.

What I’m suggesting isn't easy and may even be so overwhelming that it’s not even worth attempting. But think about it:

If you’re a purchase decision maker, and have a choice between Installer A that achieves the above bullet points at x dollars/watt, and Installer B that does less than the above for the same x dollars/watt, not only would you choose Installer A, but you’d probably even recommend A to others, growing A’s business even further. 

Even more tantalizing, those who act against installer commoditization become one of a handful of solar industry leaders… rather than a get-it-sold-for-less commodity service. Food for thought and one more way...to UnThink Solar.

Tor Valenza a.k.a. “Solar Fred” advises solar companies on marketing, communications, and branding. Contact him through UnThink Solar or follow him on Twitter @SolarFred.

The information and views expressed in this blog post are solely those of the author and not necessarily those of RenewableEnergyWorld.com or the companies that advertise on this Web site and other publications. This blog was posted directly by the author and was not reviewed for accuracy, spelling or grammar.

15 Comments

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Johan Buys
Johan Buys
April 26, 2012
Dani and Revision, we're talking the same side. Something is screwed in the whole model at moment.


Quote: The $/W amount you see is not all going into the pocket of the contractors, there are a lots of fees red tapes sometimes that wastes money.

And Dani indicated what they make per W. what is messed in all of this is that hard-working risk-taking module manufacturers are going out of business at pennies per watt!!!
Danielle Barnes
Danielle Barnes
April 26, 2012
Alighorbani makes a very good point - something I just assume everyone understands. Worker's comp does account for a large part of our costs. In PA, they just changed solar from plumbing to it's own category. When I was given the plumbing rate, I had to appeal the ruling and prove that PV is nothing related to plumbing. I was going to have to pay up to $4.00 more per $100 paid with the plumbing rate vs. electric. In researching, other states consider it roofing, which is even higher than plumbing. If WC insurance is anywhere from $4 to $14, that would make a huge difference in the labor costs from one company to the next. Something no one can see unless you look at what the actual labor costs are for that company. @MacAfrican - I promised you costs for our projects. They range from $3.00-3.50/materials and $.50-1.50 for labor. I'm making anywhere from $.50-1.00 for profit and overhead. On a small 3kw project, if I make $1.00/w, that's $3,000 for profit and overhead. And considering that we have to monitor the systems for a minimum of three years for the state grant funds, that provide enough. We have to make it up on the larger ones, if we can, but even those are super competitive these days. I've seen installer warranties for as long as 10 years. That's a long time for a system that you're only making $3-10,000 on.
Fred Greenhalgh
Fred Greenhalgh
April 26, 2012
FWIW in Maine we're seeing an installed cost of around $4/watt for most rooftop installations, under $4 sometimes for straightforward jobs not far from our offices.

SolarFred makes some good points. We feel that it's only a matter of time before you see little GTPV "kits" in big box stores that the homeowner can plug into their wall socket. Installers will never win on price alone in that environment. We feel we're in a good place because our customers love us (and we love our customers!). Our crews work well together and we focus on doing things right, which sometimes is a bit more money but the overall experience people have makes them want to tell their friends, neighbors, etc. about solar. As evidenced by Apple people will pay more than the commodity product for a special brand experience and we do everything we can for our customers to love everything about going solar.
Ali Ghorbani
Ali Ghorbani
April 24, 2012
Technology will make it easier to install almost any system, but up to a point, yes some homeowners can install their own PV systems. When it comes to safety and protection, then insurance companies look for an installation that is done by a licensed individual in order to pay for damages as a result of a fire that is caused by the system (whatever the reason may be).
Did anyone bothered to look into Workman's Comp Insurance in CA? it is absolutely ridiculous.
Thank god we can't outsource installations.
Yes some contractors are gouging some home owners, but I think the majority are very fair.
The $/W amount you see is not all going into the pocket of the contractors, there are a lots of fees red tapes sometimes that wastes money.
Johan Buys
Johan Buys
April 24, 2012
Hi Dani, my primary discontent originates:
1) module manufacturers are expected to make do with $0.10/watt GROSS margin after on average $1 billion investments, but installers expect to take (what appears to me in any event till proven otherwise) $2/watt for peanut investment. We're killing the module manufacturers.
2) At $6-80 and all else equal the LCOE with no subsidies works out around 46c/kwh which is just more canon fodder for the anti-PV crowd that like to claim their generation cost of coal is 7c/kwh. We're shooting ourselves in the foot with this deployment model! At 3-60 that same site with zero state or federal subsidy is at about 26c/kwh which approaches 2012 peak daytime retail prices in several locations. THAT is the tipping point.

If I gave away solar modules for free it would make 15% difference to the LCOE of PV the way things work at the moment.

Yes, I have sympathies for especially the labor issues you highlighted, and which is shear red-tape BS in itself.

10 million US homes should have 4kw each - that's how we build a sustainable model with the right economies of scale for module producers and for installers. What is the estimated manhours per kw for a rooftop install in the US? We're probably talking 500,000 employed!
Johan Buys
Johan Buys
April 24, 2012
ouch, I spoke to soon. As at 18April2012 the average for <10kw systems processed through the initiative is $8.02/watt! The nameplate average was $6.88/watt, not the AC... for quick data refer the little block of data top right at http://www.californiasolarstatistics.ca.gov/ or download the dataset if you are really bored and want to drill into the cheapest, most expensive, etc.

Why such an expensive upfront cost??????
Danielle Barnes
Danielle Barnes
April 24, 2012
In PA, anyone who assembles any part of the system on site is considered an electrician for prevailing wage purposes. So even if I hire a $9.00 an hour guy to put the ballast in place, he still gets paid $33-$72 an hour. So I'd rather hire someone who's experience matches the rate pay requirements. Especially if it doesn't cost me any more. In other states, you must have master electricians licensed and on the payroll to oversee the projects. Since we warranty these for 5-10 years and we are installing in states all along the east coast, I don't want/need to have a ton of warranty issues, so we hire qualified installers. Yes, others can hire cheaper crew members and that's their choice, but the labor difference does account for a higher price. MacAfrican commented that installers are incompetent and/or thieves, but you can't have competency without cost. So where's the theft if we are providing a quality install using the best staff we can hire. Of course that's going to be extra! I'm curious why MacAfrican feels this way about installers? Are you a homeowner with a bad experience or are you a company that uses installers and had bad installers?
richard small
richard small
April 24, 2012
I am unfamiliar with the process and skill requirements. Are electricians installing plug and play systems or merely "overseeing" the installations?

Can the racking systems be installed by one set of techs and then the follow thru is done by higher-priced electricians?

What are the next, logical steps to drive down the price/efficiency curve?
Tor 'Solar Fred' Valenza
Tor 'Solar Fred' Valenza
April 24, 2012
Another sign of impending commoditization:

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/sunshot/financial_opps_detail.html?sol_id=510

The Dept of Energy is issuing a technology grant for developing a plug and play solar system, literally, for residential consumers. I've already seen some small systems (1.5kw) that already do this.
Danielle Barnes
Danielle Barnes
April 24, 2012
Our average sell price per watt right now is $4.72. Can't get you numbers on individual line items at the moment, but we are already selling for over $1.00 less than the database you reference. And our includes travel to other states as well.
Johan Buys
Johan Buys
April 24, 2012
Sorry, forgot to add: why not put up some actual project coatings and profits here? Module, inverter, mounting, cabling, labor cost, compliance cost, profit for 3000w rooftop install in single array. To get to $5.80 requires some doing...
Johan Buys
Johan Buys
April 24, 2012
Guys, my US numbers are quoted from the CA solar initiative database for sub 10kw systems based on I think it was 17,000 projects. If you like I will go dig up the URL. The German number is from German web site where consumers can post RFP and suppliers then bid, open book. The lowest I saw recently was €1.8 turnkey. And no, you're notgoing to convince me that German standards or rules or codes are inferior. There is one important recon item only, namely that CA database is AC after losses and German is DC nameplate. But that is not accounting for 100% markup on Grman!
Danielle Barnes
Danielle Barnes
April 24, 2012
@macafrican and @EIS - I totally agree with EIS. Before anyone starts to spout off how installers are thieves, they should look at the real numbers first. In PA, as I've stated before on Renewable Energy World, we had to pay our guys prevailing wage of at least $33/hour, not including benefits. On some projects we had to pay as much as $72/hour thanks to our outdated state prevailing wage policy that requires rate pay on any project using state funds with a contract amount over $25,000. That's pretty much ANY residential project that we've done. And it includes ALL commercial ones. Our normal electrician rate is an average of $18/hour without adding benefits. We also hired only electricians, so that's another reason our rates might be a bit higher than some. We're not hiring minimum wage workers for our projects. So, while you might find some projects that are significantly less than even our rates, you do need to ask "What are you getting for that price?" Even a ground-mounted/micro inverter system can be over $1.00 more per watt than a roof-mounted/string inverter. On a $4.00 base price, that can add another 25%. Big difference. So you can't even just compare sizes. You have to compare - size, components, installer added costs, etc. And I will claim to have no knowledge on Europe's permitting processes. In some states, we have to physically drive to the municipality to apply for building/electrical permits. Some installers require the homeowner to do this, but we include that as part of our service. Some states have master electrician requirements, while others are less strict. I can't say where Europe is on this policy either. Some states require you to have a Home Improvement license, which can cost hundreds of dollars to just apply for. Others don't. Need I say ANY MORE?
Joe Morinville
Joe Morinville
April 24, 2012
@macafrican The numbers you are throwing around have no meaning. You must use the same size of array for cost /W comparisons.

"Germany is doing $3" on what sized array? Is the EUR vs USD? On 100kW the US does it too with bottom line Chinese panels. On 1MW we can get into the $2's.

Real cost with NO markup on a 5kW array, which is a typical residential size, is between $3.20-$3.60 depending on complexity of install and chosen options. I don't care where in the world you are, it will be very tough to get lower than that.

Try not to condemn US installers when you have no idea what you are talking about.
Johan Buys
Johan Buys
April 24, 2012
You have got to be kidding!

Installers in the US are incompetent and/or thieves. There is no other possible conclusion when you compare for example California detailed published price average of around $5.8/kw to prices elsewhere. Germany is doing $3, as are Itàly and Spain, even Australia and South Africa - with tiny installed base - beat US prices by $2/kw. There are several readers here that did their own homes for well below $3, with no benefits of economies of scale, having bought modules and BoS at retail.

It would seem US installers price by taking retail + 35% product margin + labor + overall 20% project management fee. They SHOULD go out of business a they are doing the solar industry no favors!

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UnThink Solar

UnThink Solar

UnThink Solar is a strategic solar marketing and communications company. Clients include Panasonic, One Block Off the Grid, Free Hot Water and other solar PV and Thermal companies who desire to stand out in an increasing competitive solar...
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