The World's #1 Renewable Energy Network for News & Information
Sign In or Register
Renewable Energy World Logo
Thursday, May 23, 2013
  • Sections
    • Home
      • News
      • Opinion & Commentary
      • Featured Blogs
      • Research & Reports
      • Video
      • Press Releases
      • All Blogs
      • Events
      • Products
      • Finance
    • Solar
      • News
      • Opinion & Commentary
      • Featured Blogs
      • Research & Reports
      • Video
      • Press Releases
      • All Blogs
      • Events
      • Products
      • Finance
    • Wind
      • News
      • Opinion & Commentary
      • Featured Blogs
      • Research & Reports
      • Video
      • Press Releases
      • All Blogs
      • Events
      • Products
      • Finance
    • Geothermal
      • News
      • Opinion & Commentary
      • Featured Blogs
      • Research & Reports
      • Video
      • Press Releases
      • All Blogs
      • Events
      • Products
      • Finance
    • Bio
      • News
      • Opinion & Commentary
      • Featured Blogs
      • Research & Reports
      • Video
      • Press Releases
      • All Blogs
      • Events
      • Products
      • Finance
    • Hydro
      • News
      • Opinion & Commentary
      • Featured Blogs
      • Research & Reports
      • Video
      • Press Releases
      • All Blogs
      • Events
      • Products
      • Finance
    • Careers
    • Companies
      • Company Directory
      • Press Releases
      • Products
      • Events Calendar
      • White Papers
    • Webcasts
      • Upcoming Webcasts
      • Featured Webcasts
      • Archived Webcasts
      • Events Calendar
    • White Papers
    • Magazines
      • Renewable Energy World
      • Wind Technology
      • Large Scale Solar
      • Hydro Review
      • HRW - Hydro Review Worldwide
      • Renewable Energy World (North America Edition)
      • Photovoltaics World
    • Awards
  • Account
    • Sign In
    • Register
  • Search
Don't Miss The Great Solar Debate: Where Does the Global Solar Industry Stand? Click Here to Register! ×

Job for the New Congress: Read the Latest Review of Wasteful Welfare for Dirty Energy

Mike Casey
January 13, 2011  |  23 Comments

The new Congress roared into Washington this week with what it sees as a mandate to cut government spending. Required reading for all its new members should be Washington Monthly’s excellent new piece, “Get the Energy Sector off the Dole.” And, if you work in, invest in, or support scaling the clean economy, this important piece is worth your time to read as well.

America’s clean energy advancements are under a concerted propaganda and lobbying attack, underwritten by the dirty energy lobby, which wants Americans to think that clean energy is too “expensive,” or “dependent on subsidies.” Cleantech needs your help to get the laugh track going on such claims, and this article can equip with you the foundation for doing that.

Some highlights from the Washington Monthly piece:

Energy subsidies are the sordid legacy of more than sixty years of politics as usual in Washington, and they cost us somewhere around $20 billion a year. To put that sum in perspective, that’s more than the State Department’s entire budget. It’s also enough to send half a million Americans to college each year with all expenses paid. Energy subsidies undermine the working of the free market, and they make rational approaches to long-term energy challenges and climate change impossible. They are not an aid to energy independence or environmental stewardship. They are an impediment.

Energy subsidies take many forms. Some of them are direct outlays of taxpayer dollars, like payments to corn producers for ethanol. Most are in the form of tax benefits, such as the deduction for “intangible drilling costs” (labor, repairs, hauling, you name it) in oil exploration—a notoriously abused provision of the tax code. The sheer number of subsidies is part of what makes them so hard to track.

But one thing about them is easy to summarize: They are heavily tilted toward fossil fuels. Government statistics show that about 70 percent of all federal energy subsidies goes toward oil, natural gas, and coal. Fifteen percent goes to ethanol, the only renewable source of energy that consistently gets bipartisan support in Congress (think farm lobby and Iowa). Large hydropower companies — TVA, Bonneville Power, and others — soak up another 10 percent. That leaves the greenest renewables—wind, solar, and geothermal—to subsist on the crumbs that are left.

Dirty energy’s increasingly aggressive effort to negatively define cleantech pushes not just the idea that clean energy is too “expensive,” but also that its “dependence” on smart government support somehow means that cleantech isn’t “ready.” What to say, then, about the dirty energy lobby’s decades of dependence? It’s run up a $72 billion tab at the taxpayer’s bar from 2002 to 2008 alone.

Some pro-dirty energy libertarian mouthpieces, such as the New York Times’ John Tierney and Newsweek’s George Will skip right over that inconvenient problem, relying on the size of their media platform to move the anti-clean energy rhetoric. When pressed, however, about the best that apologists for this ridiculous system can offer is that taxpayers get a better “return” on our money than they would from investing in clean energy – more BtUs per dollar, they say.

But the reality is that the return on U.S. taxpayers’ money politicians have handed to fossil energy hasn’t just been weak, it’s been terrible: ruined fisheries, mountaintops, and water tables; a money train to foreign dictators who hate us; and a competitive edge in clean energy technology that is drifting to other nations.

Fatih Birol, the chief economist at the International Energy Administration,has named fossil fuel subsidies as one of the biggest impediments to global economic recovery – “the appendicitis of the global energy system which needs to be removed for a healthy, sustainable development future.” For America, these subsidies aren’t just reckless and stupid, they aren’t even what people want. In fact, only 8 percent of Americans prefer their tax money be given to highly profitable, mature industries such as ExxonMobil and Massey Energy.

The new, (supposedly) fiscally conservative Congress could do what it has committed itself to doing -- cutting wasteful spending -- by starting with arguably the most wasteful spending of all: corporate welfare checks for the highly profitable, highly polluting oil and coal industries.

 

The information and views expressed in this blog post are solely those of the author and not necessarily those of RenewableEnergyWorld.com or the companies that advertise on this Web site and other publications. This blog was posted directly by the author and was not reviewed for accuracy, spelling or grammar.

23 Comments

Register To Comment
Edgar van Wingerden
Edgar van Wingerden
February 7, 2011
Comparing subsidies in a non-absolute manner does not make sense either. A car is so inefficient as to waste up to 97% of the energy content of crude oil as heat and pollution. The core fact is fossil fuel prices in the U.S. are heavily subsidized, not only directly, but indirectly as well, through militairy means and now healthcare....
Ronald STEENBLIK
Ronald STEENBLIK
January 21, 2011
@Steven: Just to be clear, I was not arguing that expenditures on the the SPR or on LIHEAP are production subsidies.
ANONYMOUS
January 21, 2011
I'd also say that comparing funding for fossil fuels to that received by renewables is a poor argument for further funding of renewables. Federal subsidy totals don't reflect quite a lot of renewables support that is funded directly by ratepayers through state mandates. The value of net metering laws (which gives solar energy essentially free access to the grid for storage), and the market value of various state RPS requirements are not reflected in Federal subsidy totals either. Furthermore, the production tax credit is going to be an increasingly large benefit as renewables scale up. By any reasonable standard renewables already receive greater support than the fossil fuel industry.

If the renewables sector is going to lobby for additional support an argument on the merits would seem far more effective than one targeting the subsidies of competitors of renewables. Unfortunately, the renewables sector seems to have one of the least effective lobbying efforts in the country. The focus on a huge cap and trade bureaucracy seemed doomed to failure and the renewables sector only managed to receive a few crumbs amid very strong support among the public, the administration, and the last congress.
Steven
ANONYMOUS
January 21, 2011
Ron,
I would agree that a fee on transportation fuels would be a reasonable way to fund the SPR. However, at the moment the SPR would turn a tidy profit if its oil was liquidated on the open market. Given this fact, I don't see a fee as necessary, although I would feel differently if the SPR's assets didn't exceed total expenditures to date. I don't think the SPR really belongs in the same category as the other subsidies for fossil fuels because the benefits don't go to fossil fuel producers but instead devolve to the transportation sector, and to all citizens that would be impacted by a major shock in oil supplies (i.e., nearly everyone).

LIHEAP is a welfare program, but again it does not benefit the fossil fuel producers. The program does spend a portion of its funds on weatherization, etc. and arguably that portion could be augmented. My impression is that the typical recipient is an elderly person, often one living in an older home (probably the one they have lived in for decades) that they can no longer really afford to heat/cool due to rising energy prices. Arguably such people should move into small apartments, but many would try to survive without heat rather than leave their homes. I'd rather help them pay for heat than read about them freezing to death (or have government agents trying to forcibly relocate them).

I think the ELI study's inclusion of the SPR and LIHEAP and several other items not directly benefiting fossil fuel producers was an attempt to inflate the estimate of subsidies to fossil fuel producers so that they got a quotable number that was impressively high. It is rare that one ever sees anything other than the $72 Billion total quoted and this strikes me as propaganda rather than an attempt to promote informed choices on Federal expenditures.
Steven
Ronald STEENBLIK
Ronald STEENBLIK
January 21, 2011
"Does he, for instance, oppose government funding of the black lung disability trust fund, or the SPR, or LIHEAP, or research into carbon sequestration?"

Steven, I'm not going to answer for Mike, but I for one would like to see funding for the SPR come out of a special tax on petroleum products. The need for the SPR is directly related to oil use. Why should general taxpayers foot the bill?

As for LIHEAP, which costs the federal government several billion dollars a year, it certainly plays an important social function. But to draw an analogy with the old parable of how to help a hungry person, is it not better in the long run to teach them how to fish (help them improve the thermal efficiencies of their homes) than to keep feeding them fish (helping to pay their home heating bills)?
ANONYMOUS
January 19, 2011
MCasey writes in comment #17:
" It's an open question how dependent dirty energy is on government welfare for its profitability"

It really isn't. There have been numerous studies on subsidies for fossil fuels and they just aren't that large on a per unit of energy basis (or even an absolute basis when compared to industry profits). Taxes on gasoline in many European countries are absolutely huge (in some cases enough to make gasoline prices 3-4 times higher than they are in the US)--and VASTLY higher than any subsidies that are given to oil in the US, yet European oil companies still manage to produce very significant profits.

MCasey is fond of pejorative terms ("dirty energy", "concerted propaganda," and "wasteful welfare" being examples) as well as sweeping and exaggerated generalities. Why not discuss specifics? Exactly which subsidies does he want to eliminate and how much does he think this would save? Lots of things that are labeled in the abstract as "subsidies" are actually good policy and enjoy strong support. Does he, for instance, oppose government funding of the black lung disability trust fund, or the SPR, or LIHEAP, or research into carbon sequestration? Usually when people won't discuss specifics it is because the specifics don't support this position....
Steven
Mike Casey
Mike Casey
January 19, 2011
Thanks to Clifford Goudey for raising important points. It's an open question how dependent dirty energy is on government welfare for its profitability. It's interesting how reluctant these self-proclaimed "cheap" energy sources so tenaciously cling to government support of all types.
Ronald STEENBLIK
Ronald STEENBLIK
January 16, 2011
Mike, certainly the external costs that fossil fuels impose on society is a concern of welfare economics. But I have to agree with Steven (Anonymous) that the term "welfare" conjures up ideas of welfare payments, and "corporate welfare" (used at the end of your piece) is normally understood by people as pertaining to subsidies and tax breaks, not externalities. It gets confusing mixing the concepts.

Is your point that if the external costs of fossil fuels were internalized in the price they would not be able to compete with renewable energy? If so, then let's start a discussion on that.

A 2003 study for the European Commission (http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/pdf/externe_en.pdf) found the following range of marginal external costs (relating to global warming, public health, occupational health, material damage) for power generation in Germany, in euro cents per kWh

Coal ........... 3-6
Oil ............ 5-8
Natural gas .... 1-2
Nuclear power .. 0.2
Biomass ........ 3
PV solar ....... 0.6
Wind ........... 0.05

Note, on average in 2003, one euro was worth about US$ 1.11.

External costs in the United States would differ, but these numbers show at least rough relative magnitudes.

The question is then what should be the policy response? Clearly we all agree, subsidies to fossil fuels should be ended -- on general principle, and to save a few billion dollars a year. That would help "level the playing field", but only a bit. Subsidies to the production of renewable energy could be used to level the playing field -- i.e., to match the price of producing electricity from coal -- but such subsidies could quickly become expensive. Moreover, the main thing that they would do is increase the supply of electricity at the artificially low price. That is to say, the true cost of generating electricity in a clean way would be hidden from consumers.

A charge on fossil-fuel electric generation, on the other hand, would encourage conservation as well as favor renewables.
ANONYMOUS
January 16, 2011
Casey writes in comment 14:
"I've changed the focus of these pieces from subsidies to the umbrella term of "welfare," because it strikes me as more accurate."

The term "welfare" has a connotation of charity dispensed by the government to those who, due to misfortune on inability or some similar reason, are unable to pull their own weight in society. The fossil fuel industries pay huge taxes, earn profits that are modest compared to revenue (doubters should compare them to a corporation such as Microsoft), and perform a function that is vital to the national economy. The renewable energy industry in not capable of completely replacing the fossil fuel industry with existing technology and won't be in a position to to so for decades. The fossil fuel industry does not exist because of government welfare. Renewable energy enjoys strong support with the public but changes to the law that would lead to dramatic increases in energy prices do not. I can't see how hurling hyperbolic insults at the fossil fuel industry benefits renewables. It would seem far more useful to address the virtues of renewables and to propose concrete proposals that would accelerate renewable technologies to the point where that are capable of providing reliable and affordable energy on the scale that is needed. When this happens the earlier and inferior technologies will fade from use. Edison and his associates didn't spend their time ranting against the evils of kerosene lamps; instead they worked on making better and better light bulbs and supporting the infrastructure that made their use possible.
Steven
Mike Casey
Mike Casey
January 16, 2011
Ronald: Partly due to your prior comments (thanks!), I've changed the focus of these pieces from subsidies to the umbrella term of "welfare," because it strikes me as more accurate. Wouldn't it be fairer to also stop having taxpayers pay to clean up the mess that dirty energy makes or to just absorb the ruination of public property by the fossil industries?

If we did all that, then I'd like to see how "real" the dirty energy guys can get on "competing on price" [not your quotes, but their common refrains].

Mike
ANONYMOUS
January 15, 2011
Phil writes in comment #11:
"I fail to understand how Geothermal is among the greenest renewables. It is first of all, an energy efficiency technology, and second, is based on a finite resource with potentially harmful effects in geologic disturbances. It is however, a favorite of the power utilities because it is dependant on large electrical consumption."

Possibly Phil is confusing geothermal heat pumps with geothermal power plants; the latter isn't an "energy efficiency technology" and while everything is a "finite resource" (even the sun produces a finite amount of energy and will do so only for a finite amount of time) the available supply of heat from the earth's core could provide a significant amount of our energy needs and is steadily replenished by radioactive decay. If more R&D funding was devoted to enhanced geothermal technology we might eventually have an affordable supply of reliable power that could compete with coal and nuclear generation.
Steven
Les Blevins
Les Blevins
January 15, 2011
One writer asks:.."How is it a subsidy when oil companies can deduct cash expenses for "labor, repairs, and hauling"? when all businesses deduct their expenses, it's fundamental to the basic business income tax equation:"....

Answer; dirty extractive industries that extract a finite and valuable endowment belonging to all and sell it back to those who owned it, and when this business of their's is destroying humanity's life support system, they become deserving of some corrective new policies that remove that tax deduction.
Phil Manke
Phil Manke
January 14, 2011
I fail to understand how Geothermal is among the greenest renewables. It is first of all, an energy efficiency technology, and second, is based on a finite resource with potentially harmful effects in geologic disturbances. It is however, a favorite of the power utilities because it is dependant on large electrical consumption.
ANONYMOUS
January 14, 2011
Of the $72.47 Billion tabulated in the ELI study $14.1 Billion went to "Credit for Production of Nonconventional Fuels" a provision that the ELI's own website now identifies as having been phased out.

If we estimated fossil fuel subsides going forward from ELI data we would remove this $14.1 Billion and the 3 numbers listed in my comment #8 (for the SPR, LIHEAP, and the highway fund) to get a new total of 45.33 Billion or $6.48 Billion per annum. One could quibble about how much of the rest of that is really a subsidy (fully one third is attributed to the Foreign tax credit and is a provision that every business can use) and how much of the true subsidies are wasteful ($1 Billion went to the black lung disability trust fund, which I would not consider wasteful). However, suppose $6.5 Billion dollars per year was wrested from the hands of the fossil fuel industry, who seriously believes that would significantly alter the energy markets?
Steven
Russ Finley
Russ Finley
January 14, 2011
Cliff,

"...Fossil energy is an established industry brought to its highly profitable state by subsidies..."

Oil and coal dominate across the entire planet, not just here in the states and it certainly isn't because every government around the world subsidized their early development. Read the book "Coal: A Human History."

"...There is no logic in continuing subsidies to an industry making record profits..."

You are right but unless the push to remove subsidies is also one to redirect that money to renewable energy, the money, effort, and time expended to remove the subsidies will have no positive impact on renewable energy because as Ron points out, coal and oil will remain highly profitable without those subsidies ...because they don't add up to much "per unit energy."

Looking at the price of these fuels across the planet you realize that US subsidies have even less impact on global prices. Global warming is global.

Arguments need to be bullet proof or they can become ammunition for opponents.

Tam and Ron are just telling it like it is.

Mike is dead on in that external costs of fossil fuels continue to be ignored, but that is what a price on carbon addresses, so again, Ron has it right and you can look at such a tax as a way of removing those subsidies and handing them to renewable energy.

When debating the likes of George Will and others we need more formidable retorts. Refusing to face the reality that fossil fuels are cheap with or without subsidies is no way to win the debate. Best to focus on the fact that they are cheap in large part because external costs are being passed on to our children.
ANONYMOUS
January 14, 2011
The author writes: "What to say, then, about the dirty energy lobby's decades of dependence? It's run up a $72 billion tab at the taxpayer's bar from 2002 to 2008 alone."

I don't think it is reasonable to ascribe all of this $72 Billion as going fossil fuel cartels or as being wasteful. Consider:

$6.18 Billion is attributed to expenses for the strategic petroleum reserve (SPR). I have never met anyone who though this wasteful. It also has not enriched the fossil fuel cartels. $4 Billion went to building caverns (the fossil fuel guys didn't do the digging) and the SPR has a modest yearly operating cost of about $0.2 Billion. Most of the rest of the money spent was an investment in the purchase of oil--which isn't a subsidy. If the government sold all the oil and closed the SPR down, the program would actually post a HUGE profit because the oil was purchased at average prices of ~$25/barrel and would go for more than triple that on today's market.

$6.36 Billion is attributed to LIHEAP (the low income home energy assistance program). This is money given to poor people to help with home heating and cooling expenses. The money does NOT go to the fossil fuel industry and there is no requirement on the technologies the poor choose to use in heating/cooling their homes--some is surely spent on heating oil but wood pellets, wind generated electricity, and the like all compete for these customers without further government intervention.

$0.5 Billion went directly to the highway trust fund and the fossil fuel cartels didn't see a dime of that. Nor does funding roads benefit bias the energy consumption market in any way--you can drive an electric vehicle, a biofuel powered vehicle or even a bicycle over them just as easily as a hummer.

Steven
Ronald STEENBLIK
Ronald STEENBLIK
January 14, 2011
"There is no logic in continuing subsidies to an industry making record profits."

I agree, and (I think) so does Tam.

"Given that landscape, comparing subsidies on a per-kWh basis is simply nuts."

I disagree. Why? Because I have seen countless people make statements like "if we eliminated subsidies to fossil fuels, renewables would zoom." Somebody can only reach that conclusion if he or she is under the impression that existing subsidies to fossil fuels are significantly depressing the unit price of those fuels, and if he or she does not have information on the costs and rates of subsidies according to some common metric.

Government budgets are limited, so it is important that we get the most clean energy for our buck. If we are talking about serious money, then we have to look at the distribution and nature of subsidies to renewables with a cold, critical eye, so that there is not a taxpayer or consumer backlash. The wind industry is much more mature in terms of further developments that could bring down unit costs than is the solar industry. That suggests that both the optimal type of support (for R&D, vs. capital investment in particular) is likely to differ.

Finally, regarding oil, I am curious what early government support people are claiming for it. The oil industry emerged during the "wild west" of laiser faire economic policy, so there were few subsidies to go around. Some features of the federal tax code were introduced that became permanent, but the tax code for extractive natural resources has always been different than for other businesses. (And many academic tax experts with no connection to the industry feel it should be, though that does not mean that there are not features that effectively subsidize certain activities.) Mostly, the states -- Pennsylvania, Texas, Oklahoma -- very quickly saw oil production as a major source of income, and taxed it accordingly. Most of the tax benefits now benefit either foreign production or marginal wells.
chris eddy
chris eddy
January 14, 2011
How is it a subsidy that oil companies can deduct actual cash expenses for "labor, repairs, hauling"? All businesses deduct their expenses, it's fundamental to the basic business income tax equation:

Taxable Income = Revenue - Expenses

One can argue about the timing of such deductions, whether they should be taken upfront or spread out over many years, but that's a quibble. There is no question that the expenses are legitimate and deductible in some year. It's at best a "pay me now or pay me later" situation. It's absurd to argue that companies who collectively pay tens of billions in taxes are "subsidized" in a manner remotely similar to an industry which receives large checks directly from the government for research and manufacturing and whose customers receive large checks from the government for buying their products. It's not even apples and oranges, more like apples and candlesticks. People who advance such silly arguments disqualify themselves from serious debate.
Cliff Goudey
Cliff Goudey
January 14, 2011
Tam & Ronald, I think you both missed the point of Leonard's original article. Fossil energy is an established industry brought to its highly profitable state by subsidies and the exploitation of a finite resource. There is no logic in continuing subsidies to an industry making record profits.

Renewables such as solar are still in their early stages and far from mature. There is a huge amount of R&D and manufacturing shake out going on. This is when incentives can make a huge and lasting difference (as it did with oil). Wind is in that category and other technologies such as ocean hydrokinetics are even more in need of early stage support if they are to emerge to be competitive with subsidized or unsubsidized fossil fuel.

Given that landscape, comparing "subsidies" on a per kWh basis is simply nuts.
David Fuglseth
David Fuglseth
January 14, 2011
Interesting, Mike. But could you be more specific in how much money actually is spent on renewables? Obviously, it should be more, and less for traditional energy, but some exact numbers would help.
Ronald STEENBLIK
Ronald STEENBLIK
January 14, 2011
A much better article on this topic than your previous one, Mike. But I have to agree with Tam Hunt, that comparing absolute figures is misleading -- "per kW or kWh comparisons are a better way to get apples-to-apples comparisons". The fact is that America's fossil-fuel industry can get along very well without the tax breaks it currently gets, and therein lies the problem: eliminating subsidies to fossil fuels is a necessary (and would be highly symbolic) but not sufficient policy development.

Along with eliminating subsidies to fossil fuels, we need to start looking at implementing a carbon tax, and to reduce income tax, so that the net effect is revenue-neutral.
Tam Hunt
Tam Hunt
January 13, 2011
I agree that it's ridiculous to be subsidizing mature fossil fuel industries (or any fossil fuel industries, for that matter),but keep in mind that it's misleading to compare absolute subsidy figures. The fact remains that we are still predominantly a fossil fuel-powered country so it's not apples to apples to compare absolute amounts. Solar power, which I strongly support, does get a lot higher subsidies typically than other forms of power, but not an absolute basis. Per kW or kWh comparisons are a better way to get apples to apples comparisons.
Tor 'Solar Fred' Valenza
Tor 'Solar Fred' Valenza
January 13, 2011
Great info, Mike! Now, let's hope Congress is reading this too.

Add Your Comments

To add your comments you must sign-in or create a free account.

  • Create a Free Account!
  • Sign-In
Mike Casey

Mike Casey

Mike Casey is the President and founder of Tigercomm, a leading U.S. cleantech PR firm with offices in Arlington, VA and San Francisco, CA. He uses his 28 years of experience in communications to counsel cleantech executives and investors....
  • About
  • Blog
  • Contact
  • FOLLOW
  • CONTACT
Stay Connected
         
To register for our free e-Newsletters, create your free account here:

Create a free account and start adding your blogs.

Create an Account

Most Commented

  • 32
    The Finnish Hydrogen Roadmap: Hydrogen to Join Electricity in Ending Traffic Pollution
  • 15
    Fracking and Solar: Friends, Foes or the Bridge to Clean Energy Adoption?
  • 12
    Breakdown: Penetration of Renewable Energy in Selected Markets
  • 10
    No Easy Fix for Broken Wind Turbine at US High School

Total Access Partners

Growing Your Business? Learn More about Total Access
  • Rittal Corporation
  • Geothermal Resources Council
  • Intersolar
  • Renewable Energy World Asia
  • Quick Mount PV
  • Quickscrews International Corp.
  • ExxonMobil Lubricants & Specialties Europe
  • Renewables Academy AG (RENAC)
News
  • Renewable Energy
  • Solar Energy
  • Wind Energy
  • Bioenergy
  • Geothermal Energy
  • Hyrdo Power
  • Blogs
  • Video
  • Finance
Resources
  • Companies
  • Products
  • Careers
  • Events
  • Webcasts
  • White Papers
  • Magazines
  • Press Releases
  • e-Newsletters
Company
  • About Us
  • Our Team
  • Contact Us
  • Advertising & Services
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms & Conditions
  • Site Map
Network Partners - Magazines
  • Hydro Review Magazine
  • Hydro Review Worldwide Magazine
  • Renewable Energy World Magazine
Network Partners - Events
  • Power-Gen International
  • Renewable Energy World Conference & Expo North America
  • Renewable Energy World Conference & Expo Europe
  • Renewable Energy World Conference & Expo Asia
  • Renewable Energy World Conference & Expo Africa
  • Renewable Energy World Conference & Expo India
  • HydroVision International
  • HydroVision Brazil
  • HydroVision India
  • HydroVision Russia
© Copyright 1999-2013 RenewableEnergyWorld.com - All rights reserved.
RenewableEnergyWorld.com - World's #1 Renewable Energy Network for news & Information