EDF to Develop Tidal Power

(A CO2 carbon dioxide is a carbon dioxide reservoir that is increasing in size and is the opposite of a carbon dioxide "source". The main natural sinks are (1) the oceans and (2) plants and other organisms that use "photosynthesis" to remove carbon from the atmosphere by incorporating it into biomass and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.) In the "new computer grids" there will be a type of photosynthesis that is man-made a bioluminescence a result of a chemical reaction during which chemical energy is converted to light energy. Most marine light-emission belongs in the blue and green light spectrum, the wavelengths that can transmit through the seawater most easily And this light will automatically pulse every 3-7 seconds. (Please see photo below).




Image of bioluminescent red tide event of 2005 at a beach in Carlsbad California showing brilliantly glowing crashing waves containing billions of Lingulodinium polyedrum dinoflagellates.
Luciferase systems are widely used in the field of genetic engineering as reporter genes. Luciferase systems have also been harnessed for biomedical research using bioluminescence imaging.
This will help in turning the high carbon dioxide into oxygen not only in the world's oceans but in the earth's atmosphere.
The United States with the help of NASA and scientists across the world will have governments come together to implement policies and procedures on its operation.
The economic woes of the past have met the future, gas and energy crisis is no longer an issue a new world has been explored and conquered within our world, the oceans on earth.

Any fluid such as ammonia attacks copper bearing alloys, but only copper alloys resist marine fouling, and only a small amount of fouling is enough to drastically cut efficiency. Systems using ammonia have to have sophisticated waterside cleaning systems. There are also issues with the design of efficient low head turbines, very high performance heat exchangers, the long cold water pipe, and the platform, if it is floating (most OTEC designs are floating platforms, "grazing" in the open ocean). With the new "computer grids" again, there would be no need for ammonia, or copper alloys, no low head turbines, heat exchangers or a floating platforms "grazing" on top of the open ocean, which is subjected to wind, storms, waves, etc.
For example: underground cable for your T.V, the new computer grids" would be singular and separate for each grid and would be able to "communicate" with the other grids across the ocean floor without the need of wires or cable (think of one laptop communicating with another laptop across the world). This would be a "world wide web of "computer grids".
In the ocean the deep cold water is laden with nutrients. In the tropics, the warm surface waters are lighter than the cold water and act as a cap to keep the nutrients in the deeps. This is why there is much less life in the tropical ocean than in coastal waters or near the poles. The tropical ocean is only fertile where there is an upwelling of cold water. One such upwelling is off the coast of Peru, where the Peru (or Humboldt) Current brings up nutrient laden waters. In this area, with lots of solar energy and nutrients, ocean fertility is about 1800 grams of carbon uptake per square meter per year, compared to only 100 grams typically. This creates a rich fishery, but most of the carbon eventually sinks to the deeps in the form of waste products and dead microorganisms. With the "new computer grids" the upwelling of cold water can be by sensors controlled and the "carbon sequestering"

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) extracts solar energy through a heat engine operating across the temperature difference between warm surface water and cold deep water. In the tropics, surface waters are above 80°F, but at ocean depths of about 1,000 meters, water temperatures are just above freezing everywhere in the ocean. This provides a 45 to 50°F temperature differential that can be used to extract energy from the surface waters. By using NASA technology the new "computer" grids would have the same heat/cold resistance used in outer space and this coating would not only solve the problem of temperature difference but would alleviate a need for a heat engine and the efficiency would not be relavant as it would be operating at 100% efficiency. There are a number of different concepts for the heat engine including low temperature difference Stirling cycle engines and direct use of water vapor derived from the surface waters that is condensed with the cold water, but most concepts have a Rankine cycle using a fluid with a low boiling point. These concepts are outdated and there would be no need for a fluid with a low boiling point.
This is how it used to work: Warm water is used to heat a fluid such as ammonia to vapor. The vapor then runs through a turbine to generate power and the cold water is used to condense it. Let's use ammonia as an example. Ammonia boils at 85°F and 166 psi and condenses at 35°F and 66 psi. This gives us 100 psi to run a turbine. Unfortunately this cycle only provides about 7% efficiency, though it can be boosted a bit by superheating, reheating and similar strategies used in steam cycles. However the big advantage is that OTEC is a solar power system with no collector — the ocean itself is the collector. This means it also is available constantly. The level of efficiency of 7% is unacceptable and heating and superheating, reheating and steam cycles are not needed in the grids.
Any fluid such as ammonia

Time to think outside of the box, gentlemen and ladies. One, how to capture the natural energy of the ocean currents and undercurrents? Nature has always provided living creatures with what they need to survive. Throughout the expand of the oceans, the ocean currents and undercurrents run on a steady pattern. This energy is a constant and the force of this energy generates much needed oxygen for our marine life. The question now is how to navigate and execute a feasible and practical plan on how to harvest this energy. First, much like electrical grids these grids would need to be placed throughout the ocean floor, and much like solar panels these grids would tap not only the electrical and solar energy, but would have the sensitive computer chips to predict earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, and global warming within the ocean with a communication device that would not only give countries a heads up but an advance warning that would save millions of lives. For instance, like cell towers for your cell phone, the signal would be polarized, using the earth's natural magnetic field to constantly maintain the correct amount of power generated and the direction it is needed to flow through. (Consider a compass and how it works). The emissions and footprints that it would expel would be oxygen that it pulls from the water and it is excreted back into the ocean water at a level that is consistent with maintaining marine life. These new "computer" grids would generate enough electricity and power to sustain the human population on this earth for the next 2 billion years, in every country across the world. As to maintenance a gps locator chip would be in each grid to monitor its location. Any volcanic/vaults along the ocean floor could be monitored at all times and the grids could be electronically and remotely moved to a different location or direction.

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) extracts solar energy through a heat engine operating across the tem

P.S.

I've just remembered the "Severn Barrage" scheme:

To quote Renewable Energy UK @ 'http://www.reuk.co.uk/Severn-Barrage-Tidal-Power.htm'
> "Producing on average in excess of !17 billion kWh! (17TWh!!!) of electricity annually, the UK's carbon emissions would be cut by 16 million tonnes each year (assuming Severn Barrage electricity replaced electricity which would otherwise be generated in coal-fired power stations) which equates to 3% of total current emissions"

I'm not sure if these figures are spot on but they are not too far out, this one scheme is bigger than France's total, perhaps the numbers need double checking?

Re Georges MOUGIN statement
>"Electricity consumption in France is 540 Twh annually,10 Twh is 2% and not 80%"

Neither the story above
>"According to a statement from EDF, France and the UK have 80% of the tidal energy generating potential in Europe"
or the original EDF press release
> "France alone having 80% of the potential for generating electricity from tidal currents in Europe, i.e. 10 million MWh per year."
says that tidal generation potential is 80% of consumption.

What the EDF press release actually says is that:
> Of the total potential tidal tidal generation capacity, France has access to 80% of it which is 10 TWh/year (or million MWh if you prefer). If this is what they actually mean it is a slightly confusing way of putting it.
> Therefore total tidal energy = 10TWh/0.8 (80%) = 12.5TWhr/yr
> Therefore UK has most of the remaining potential of 2.5TWh (equivalent to about 285MW average power)
>UK annual demand was approx 375TWh (equivalent to about 42.8GW average power) in 2006 (BERR Dukes) therefore contribution from tidal is < 0.7%! so if the figures are correct this isn't going to make a huge dent in our carbon footprint.

Jim, thank you for your comment. The story has been changed to better reflect the press release.

The original news release from EDF is as follows:

"In fact energy from tidal currents emits no greenhouse gases and has the advantage of being completely predictable. Therefore in the long term this new source of energy could make a significant contribution to the production of electricity from renewable sources, in particular in the United Kingdom and France, France alone having 80% of the potential for generating electricity from tidal currents in Europe, i.e. 10 million MWh per year."

It appears to me that the author of this article as completely misunderstood the original press release.

Electricity consumption in France is 540 Twh annually,
10 Twh is 2% and not 80% !